Skip to main content
Log in

Measurement of Radon Concentration in Drinking Water in Bhiwani District of Haryana

  • Published:
Journal of the Geological Society of India

Abstract

This investigation aims to evaluate the concentration of dissolved radon in drinking water and to assess the associated radiation doses for infants, children and adults in Bhiwani district of Haryana The radon concentrations were measured in 82 drinking water samples collected from 32 villages/towns in the Bhiwani district. The measurements were performed by RAD7, an electronic radon detector manufactured by Durridge Company Inc. The mean radon concentration ranged between 1.3 ± 0.4 and 13.4 ± 2.2 Bq l-1. The mean radon concentrations from two locations exceeded the maximum contamination level (MCL) of 11 Bq l-1 recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency. The total annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation of radon in drinking water varied from 10.1 to 104.4 μSv y-1 for infants, 5.8 to 59.6 μSv y-1 for children and 6.6 to 67.7 μSv y-1 for adults and the average values were found to be 46.3, 26.5 and 30.1 μSv y-1, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad, N., Jaafar, M.S. and Alsaffar, M.S. (2015) Study of radon concentration and toxic elements in drinking and irrigated water and its implications in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. Jour. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., v.8, pp.294–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, N., Rehman, J.U., Rafique, M. and Nasir, T. (2017) Age-dependent annual effective dose estimations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 222Rn from drinking water in Baling, Malaysia. Water Sci. Tech: Water Supply, ws2017094. DOI: 10.2166/ws.2017.094

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Ground Water Board (2012) Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, Ground water information booklet Bhiwani district, Haryana, North Western Region, Chand igarh. <http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Haryana/Bhiwani.Pdf>.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chand rasekharam, D., Varun, C., Garg, G., Singh, H.K. and Trupti, G. (2014) High heat generating granites of Siwana, Rajasthan. GRC Trans., v.38, pp.625–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duggal, V., Mehra, R. and Rani, A. (2013) Determination of 222Rn level in groundwater using a RAD7 detector in the Bathinda district of Punjab, India. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., v.156, pp.239–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duggal, V., Sharma, S. and Mehra, R. (2017a) Radon levels in drinking water of Fatehabad dist., Haryana, India. Appld. Radiat. Isot., v.123, pp.36–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duggal, V., Rani, A., Mehra, R., Saini, K. and Bajwa, B.S. (2017b) Assessment of age-dependent radiation dose and toxicity risk due to intake of uranium through the ingestion of groundwater from Northern Rajasthan, India. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., v.99, pp.516–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durridge Radon Instrumentation (2016) RAD H2O User Manual, Radon in Water Accessory, Durridge Company Inc. < http://www.durridge.co.uk/documentation/RAD%20H2O%20Manual.pdf>. Assessed 03-08-2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenbud, M. and Gesell, T. (1997) Environmental Radioactivity from Natural, Industrial and Military Sources. 4th edn. Academic Press/Elsevier Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU (1998) European drinking water directive 98/83/EC of 3rd November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal of European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU (2001) Commission recommendation of 20th December 2001 on the protection of the public against exposure to radon in drinking water. Official Journal of European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Commission on Radiological Protection (1993) Protection against Radon-222 at home and at work. ICRP Publication 65 Annals of the ICRP, 23(2): Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochhar, N. (1983) Tusham ring complex, Bhiwani India. Indian National Sci. Acad., v.49, pp.459–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochhar, N. (1989) High producing granites of the Malani igneous suite Northern Peninsular, India. Indian Miner., v.43, pp.339–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochhar, N. (2000) Attributes and Significance of the A-type Malani Magmatism, Northwestern Peninsular India. In M.Deb (Ed.) Crustal evolution and metallogeny in the Northwestern Indian shield. Chapter 9, pp.158–188, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, N., Kumar, A., Kumar, S. and Chauhan, R.P. (2017) Measurement of radium, thorium and potassium and associated hazard indices from the soil samples collected from Northern India. Indoor Built Environ., DOI: 10.1177/1420326X17696136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzoor, F., Alaamer, A.S. and Tahir, S.N. (2008) Exposures to 222Rn from consumption of underground municipal water supplies in Pakistan. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., v.130, pp.392–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rani, A., Mehra, R. and Duggal, V. (2013) Radon monitoring in groundwater samples from some areas of Northern Rajasthan, India, using a RAD7 detector. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., v.153, pp.496–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sethy, N.K., Jha, V.N., Ravi, P.M. and Tripathi, R.M. (2015) Assessment of human exposure to dissolved radon in groundwater around the uranium industry of Jaduguda, Jharkhand, India. Curr. Sci., v.109, pp.1855–1860.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S., Duggal, V., Srivastava, A.K. and Mehra, R. (2017a) Assessment of radiation dose from exposure to radon in drinking water from Western Haryana, India. Internat. Jour. Environ. Res., v.11, pp.141–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S., Duggal, V., Srivastava, A.K., Mehra, R. and Rani, A. (2017b) Radon concentration in groundwater and associated effective dose assessment in Western Haryana, India. Internat. Jour. Inn. Res. Sci. Engg., v.3, pp.69–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations (2000) Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. UN, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (1991) Federal Register 40 Parts 141 and 142: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides: proposed Rule. U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Li, Y., Du, J. and Zhou, X. (2014) Correlation between radon in soil gas and the activity of seismogenic faults in the Tangshan area, North China. Radiat. Meas., v.60, pp.8–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1988) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Vol. 1. World Health Organization Publication, p.197.

  • World Health Organization (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Vol. 1. Recommendations, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva.

  • World Health Organization (2009) Hand book on indoor radon, a public health perspective. World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakut, H., Tabar, E., Zenginerler, Z., Demirci, N. and Ertugral, F. (2013) Measurement of 222Rn concentration in drinking water in Sakarya, Turkey. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., v.157, pp.397–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vikas Duggal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Duggal, V., Sharma, S., Srivastava, A.K. et al. Measurement of Radon Concentration in Drinking Water in Bhiwani District of Haryana. J Geol Soc India 91, 700–703 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0926-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0926-6

Navigation