Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Students’ perceptions of parental bonding styles and their academic burnout

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Asia Pacific Education Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated how parental bonding style affects academic burnout in Korean adolescents. Participants were 447 middle school students, who completed the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. MANCOVA results confirmed that adolescents reporting the optimal bonding parental style, for both mother and father, have lower scores on three subscales of academic burnout (Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Inefficacy) than do their counterparts who report the affectionless control parental style. We discuss the possible implications for reducing students’ academic burnout rates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adsul, R. K., & Kamble, V. (2008). Achievement motivation as a function of gender, economic background and caste differences in college students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34(2), 323–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, A. R., & Henry, C. S. (1994). Family system characteristics and parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent substance use. Adolescence, 29, 405–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ang, R. P., & Huan, V. S. (2006). Relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation: Testing for depression as a mediator using multiple regression. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37(2), 133–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. In A. D. Pick (Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 3–46). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernadi, E., Jones, M., & Ternant, C. (1989). Quality of parenting in alcoholics and narcotic addicts. British Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 677–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bresó, E., Schaufeli, W., & Salanova, M. (2011). Can a self-efficacy-based intervention decrease burnout, increase engagement, and enhance performance? A quasi- experimental study. Higher Education, 61, 339–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, R. B., & Cairns, D. B. (1994). Lifelines and risks: Pathways of youth in our time (pp. 90–129). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canetti, C., Bachar, E., Galili-Weisstub, E., Kaplan De-Nour, A., & Shalev, A. Y. (1997). Parental bonding and mental health in adolescence. Adolescence, 32, 381–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X., Chang, L., & He, Y. (2003). The peer group as a context: Mediating and moderating effects on relations between academic achievement and social functioning in Chinese children. Child Development, 74, 710–727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y., Newman, I. M., Qu, M., Mbulo, L., Chai, Y., Chen, Y., et al. (2010). Being bullied and psychosocial adjustment among middle school students in China. The Journal of school health, 80(4), 193–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crosnoe, R., Johnson, M. K., & Elder, G. H. (2004). Intergenerational bonding in school: The behavioral and contextual correlates of student—teacher relationships. Sociology of Education, 77, 60–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis-Sacks, M., Jayaratne, S., & Chess, W. (1985). A comparison of the effects of social support on the incidence of burnout. Social Work, 30(3), 240–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demo, D. H., & Acock, A. C. (1996). Family structure, family process, and adolescent well-being. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6, 457–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • DuBois, D. L., Eitel, S. K., & Felner, R. D. (1994). Effects of family environment and parent-child relationships on school adjustment during the transition to early adolescence. Journal of Marriage and the family, 56, 405–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duchesne, S., & Larose, S. (2007). Adolescent parental attachment and academic motivation and performance in early adolescence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 1501–1521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., & Larsen, D. K. (2000). Perceptions of parental bonding and symptom severity in adults with depression: mediation by personality dimensions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45(3), 101–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eremsoy, C. E., Çelimli, Ş., & Gençöz, T. (2005). Students under academic stress in a Turkish University: Variables associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Current Psychology, 24(2), 123–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espelage, D. L., Holt, M. K., & Henkel, R. R. (2003). Examination of peer-group contextual effects on aggression during early adolescence. Child Development, 74, 205–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fass, M. E., & Tubman, J. G. (2002). The influence of parental and peer attachment on college students’ academic achievement. Psychology in the Schools, 39, 561–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, F. D. (1994). Does marital conflict cause child maladjustment? Directions and challenges for longitudinal research. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 128–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R., & Nousiainen, S. (1993). Maternal and paternal parenting: Critical dimensions in adolescent functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 213–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gladstone, G., Parker, G., Wilhelm, K., Mitchell, P., & Austin, M. P. (1999). Characteristics of depressed patients who report childhood sexual abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 431–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A. R., Doan Holbein, M. F., & Quilter, S. (2002). High school students’ goal orientations and their relationship to perceived parenting styles. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27, 450–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gove, W. R., & Crutchfield, R. (1982). The family and juvenile delinquency. Sociological Quarterly, 23, 301–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granot, D., & Mayseless, O. (2001). Attachment security and adjustment to school in middle childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 530–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, P. M. (1994). Independence and interdependence as developmental scripts: Implications for theory, research, and practice. In P. M. Greenfield & R. R. Cocking (Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenglass, E. R., Fiksenbaum, L., & Burke, R. J. (1994). The relationship between social support and burnout over time in teachers. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 9, 219–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, T. Y. (2005). Adolescents’ stress at school: Moderation effects of personality and emotional intelligence. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 2(2), 177–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, E. A., Kim, B., Lee, S. M., & Shin, H. J. (2010). Relationship of parental bonding styles, parent burnout, and children academic burnout. The Korea Educational Review, 17(1), 271–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, J. F., & Marshall, E. (1991). “Adolescents’ problems and the relationship to self-esteem. Adolescence, 26(104), 799–808.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, K. L., Stanley, L. R., Edwards, R. W., Harkabus, L. C., & Chapin, L. A. (2009). Individual and contextual effects of school adjustment on adolescent alcohol use. Prevention Science, 10(3), 256–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huan, V. S., Yeo, L. S., Ang, R. P., & Chong, W. H. (2006). The influence of dispositional optimism and gender on adolescents’ perception of academic stress. Adolescence, 41, 533–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huan, V. S., Yeo, L. S., Ang, R. P., & Chong, W. H. (2008). The impact of adolescent concerns on their academic stress. Educational Review, 60(2), 169–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, E. S., Drane, W., & Valois, R. F. (2000). Levels and demographic correlates of adolescent life satisfaction reports. School Psychol Int, 21, 282–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, Y. (2001). Why do South Korean students study hard? Reflections on Paik’s study. International Journal of Educational Research, 35(6), 609–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, H. J. (2006). A study on the stress and its relative effects of variables among children and adolescents. The Journal of Elementary Education, 19(1), 193–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, S. R., & Dodd, D. K. (2003). Student burnout as a function of personality, social support, and workload. Journal of College Student Development, 44(3), 291–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, L., Dekovic, M., & Hidalgo, V. (2009). Adjustment of school-aged children and adolescents growing up in at-risk families: Relationships between family variables and individual, relational and school adjustment. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 654–661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juon, H. S., Nam, J. J., & Ensminger, M. E. (1994). Epidemiology of suicidal among Korean adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 35, 663–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahill, S. (1986). Relationship of burnout among professional psychologists to professional expectations and social support. Psychological Reports, 59(3), 1043–1051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, L., Childs, K. E., Dunlap, G., Clarke, S., & Falk, G. D. (1994). Using assessment-based curricular intervention to improve the classroom behavior of a student with motional and behavioral challenges. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 7–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiesner, J., Poulin, F., & Nicotra, E. (2003). Peer relations across contexts: Individual network homophily and network inclusion in and after school. Child Development, 74, 328–1343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiuru, N., Aunola, K., Nurmi, J.-E., Leskinen, E., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2008). Peer group influence and selection in adolescents’ school burnout: A longitudinal study. MerrillPalmer Quarterly, 54, 23–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koniarek, J., & Dudek, B. (1996). Social support as a buffer in the stress-burnout relationship. International Journal of Stress Management, 3, 99–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare (KMHW). (2006). Future-oriented health and welfare policy direction and policy priorities. Press release issued August 21, 2006. Seoul. Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare [in Korean].

  • Larose, S., & Boivin, M. (1998). Attachment to parents, social support expectations, and socioemotional adjustment during the high school–college transition. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1988). The impact of interpersonal environment of burnout and organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9, 297–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M. D., Larniski, W. M., Palfrey, J. S., Meltzer, L. J., & Fenton, T. (1985). A study of risk factor complexes in early adolescent delinquency. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 139(1), 50–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, socialization, personality, and social development (Vol. 4, pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.

  • Mak, A. S. (1994). Parental neglect and overprotection as risk factors in delinquency. Australian Journal of Psychology, 46(2), 107–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G., & Waite, S. (1994). Parental bonding and vulnerability to adolescent suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 246–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGarvey, E. L., Kryzhanovskaya, L. A., Koopman, C., Waite, D., & Canterbury, R. J. (1999). Incarcerated adolescents’ distress and suicidality in relation to parental bonding styles. Crisis, 20(4), 164–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moneta, G. B. (2011). Need for achievement, burnout, and intention to leave: Testing an occupational model in educational settings. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 274–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, C. (2009). Parent and teacher relationships as predictors of school engagement and functioning among low-income urban youth. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29(3), 376–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nam, C. Y. (2008). The relations of stress, drinking trait, and problem behavior after drinking among the college students in Jeju. Journal of Welfare for the Correction, 27–47.

  • Parker, G. (1979). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 138–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. (1981). Parental representations and affective disorders. Examination for an hereditary link. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 55, 57–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. (1984). The measurement of pathogenic parental style and its relevance to psychiatric disorder. Social Psychiatry, 19, 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. (1989). The parental bonding instrument: Psychometric properties reviewed. Psychiatric Developments, 4, 317–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. (1994). Parental attachment style as a risk factor for depressive disorders. In M. D. Sperling & W. H. Bemoan (Eds.), Attachment in adults: theory, assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G., Fairley, M., Greenwocd, J., Jurd, S., & Silove, D. (1982). Parental representations of schizophrenics and their association with onset and course of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 573–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Posterino, M., Carlin, J. B., & Wolfe, R. (2001). Parental “affectionless control” in adolescent depressive disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 475–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pisarik, C. (2009). Motivational orientation and burnout among undergraduate college students. College Student Journal, 43(4), 1238–1252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richman, J. M., Rosenfeld, L. B., & Bowen, G. L. (1998). Social support for adolescents at risk of school failure. Social Work, 43, 309–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roe, A., & Siegelman, M. S. (1963). A parent-child relations questionnaire author(s). Child Development, 34, 355–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohner, R. P., & Veneziano, R. A. (2001). The importance of father love: History and contemporary evidence. Review of General Psychology, 5, 382–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, A. M. (2001). The peer group as a context for the development of young adolescent motivation and achievement. Child Development, 72, 1135–1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I., & Breso, E. (2009). How obstacles and facilitators predict academic performance: The mediating role of study burnout and engagement. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Pietikäinen, M., & Jokela, J. (2008). Does school matter? The role of school context in adolescents’ school-related burnout. European Psychologist, 13, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children’s report of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development, 36, 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaufeli, W. B., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1996). The maslach burnout inventory—general survey. In C. Maslach, S. E. Jackson, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), MBI manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaufeli, W. B., Martez, I. M., Marques-Pinto, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 464–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaufeli, W. B., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2000). Job stress and burnout among correctional officers: a literature review. International Journal of Stress Management, 7, 19–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweizer, R. D., & Lawton, P. A. (1989). Drug abusers’ perceptions of their peer. British Journal of Addiction, 84, 309–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, H., Puig, A., Lee, J., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. M. (2011). Cultural validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Korean students. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(4), 633–639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sideridis, G. D., & Kafetsios, K. (2008). Perceived parental bonding, fear of failure and stress during class presentations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(2), 119–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slicker, E. K. (1998). Relationship of parenting style to behavioral adjustment in graduating high school seniors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27(3), 345–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobal, J. (1987). Health concerns of young adolescents. Adolescence, 22(87), 739–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnak, C., & Towell, T. (2001). The imposter phenomenon in British university students: Relationships between self-esteem. mental health, parental rearing style and socioeconomic status. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 863–874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R. D., Allen, M. H., David, A. N., & Brooke, R. T. (1989). Distraction: Its utilization and efficacy with children undergoing dental treatment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 22, 297–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L., Elmen, J., & Mounts, N. (1989). Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents. Child Development, 60, 1424–1436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L., Dornbusch, S. M., & Brown B. B. (1992). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement: An ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 47, 723–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg L, Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, R. E., Loeber, R., Gagnon, C., Charlebois, P., Larivee, S., & LeBlanc, M. (1991). Disruptive boys with stable and unstable high fighting behavior patterns during junior elementary school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 285–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Want, J., & Kleitman, S. (2006). Imposter phenomenon and self-handicapping: links with parenting styles and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(5), 961–971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, A. (2010). The relationship between four components of assertiveness and interpersonal behaviors, interpersonal adjustment in high school students’ friendship. The Japanese psychological association, 81(1), 82–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, L. H., & Schwarz, J. C. (1996). The relationship between parenting types and older adolescents’ personality, academic achievement, adjustment, and substance use. Child Development, 67, 2102–2114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H. J. (2004). Factors affecting student burnout and academic achievement in multiple enrolment programs in Taiwan’s technical-vocational colleges. International Journal of Educational Development, 24, 283–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C. K., Kim, J. K., Patel, S. R., & Lee, J. H. (2005). Age-related changes in sleep/wake patterns among Korean teenagers. Pediatrics, 115, 250–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J. Y. (2005). The influence of the peer relationship from the youth who percept the family relation. Unpublished Master Thesis, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.

  • Yu, Y. (2010). Characteristics of perceived school climate and its relationship with school adjustment of middle school students: School attitude as a mediator. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 18(2), 225–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Gan, Y., & Cham, H. (2007). Perfectionism, academic burnout and engagement among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1529–1540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sang Min Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shin, H., Lee, J., Kim, B. et al. Students’ perceptions of parental bonding styles and their academic burnout. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 13, 509–517 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-012-9218-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-012-9218-9

Keywords

Navigation