Abstract
This paper describes a highway lane detection and tracking algorithm based on an annealed particle filter; the algorithm combines multiple cues of road images with the annealed particle filter. We build a geometric lane model that can be applied to not only linear roads but also to curved roads. As a first step, preprocessing with a bar filter and color cues is used. In the annealed particle filter step, a K-means algorithm is utilized to measure the weights of the particles. We realize lane detection and tracking using the annealed particle filter which is the main contribution of the current paper. Experimental results show that our method is effective in various road situations. What’s more, the particle number and time cost of the annealed particle filter for each frame is largely reduced compared with those values when using the conventional particle filter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. D. Dickmanns and B. D. Mysliwetz, “Recursive 3-d road and relative ego-state recognition,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 199–213, 1992.
K. Deepak, “Accurate estimation of forward path geometry using two-clothoid road model,” Proc. of IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, vol. 1, pp. 154–159, 2002.
S. Sehestedt, S. Kodagoda, A. Alempijevic, and G. Dissanayake, “Efficient lane detection and tracking in urban environments,” Proc. of European Conference on Mobile Robots, pp. 126–131, 2007.
Y. Wang, D. Shen, and E. K. Teoh, “Lane detection using catmull-romspline,” Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Vehicles, pp. 51–57, 1998.
R. Aufrére, R. Chapuis, and F. Chausse, “A model-driven approach for real-time road recognition,” Vis. Appl., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 95–107, 2001.
C. Lipski, B. Scholz, B. Berger, C. Linz, and T. Stich, “A fast and robust approach to lane marking detection and lane tracking,” Proc. of IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis, pp. 57–60, 2008.
M. Bertozzi and A. Broggi, “GOLD—aparallel real-time stereo vision system for generic obstacle and lane detection,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 62–81, 1998.
Y. Wang, E. K. Teoh, and D. Shen, “Lane detection and tracking using B-Snake,” Image Vis. Comput., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 269–280, 2004.
J. Zhang and H. Naqel, “Texture-based segmentation of road images,” Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Vehicles, pp. 260–265, 1994.
J. D. Grisman and C. E. Thorpe, “SCARF: a color vision system that tracks roads and intersections,” IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49–58, 1993.
M. A. Nasirudin and M. R. Arshad, “A feature-based lane detection system using hough transform method,” Proc. of International Symposium on Intelligent Transport System, pp. 166–169, 2007.
J. C. McCall and M. M. Trivedi, “Video-based lane estimation and tracking for driver assistance: survey, system, and evaluation” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Sys., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 20–37, 2006.
Z. Kim, “Robust lane detection and tracking in challenging scenarios,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Sys., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 16–26, 2008.
D. Keren and C. Gotsman, “Fitting curves and surfaces with constrained implicit polynomials,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 1, January 1999.
D. J. Kang, J. E. Ha, and M. H. Jeong, “Detection of calibration patterns for camera calibration with irregular lighting and complicated backgrounds,” Int. J. of Control, Auto., and Systems., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 746–754, 2008.
G. Loy, L. Fletcher, N. Apostoloff, and A. Zelinsky, “An adaptive fusion architecture for target tracking,” Proc. of 5th Int’l Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, IEEE CS Press, pp. 261–266, 2002.
Z. Teng, J. H. Kim, and D. J. Kang, “Real-time Lane detection by using multiple cues,” Proc. of International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, pp. 27–30, October 2010.
J. Deutscher, A. Blake, and I. Reid, “Articulated body motion capture by annealed particle filtering,” Proc. of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 126–133, June 2000.
A. Davison, J. Deutscher, and I. Reid, “Markerless motion capture of complex full-body movement for character animation,” Proc. of Computer Animation and Simulation, vol. 4, pp. 3–14, 2001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Kang-Hyun Jo under the direction of Editor Myotaeg Lim.
We would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2011-0017228 and 2013R1A1A206 0427).
Hongying Zhao received her BS degree in Automation from Dalian University of Technology, China in 2011. She is now a graduate student in mechanical engineering of Pusan National University, Korea. Her interests include machine vision, image processing, and robots.
Onecue Kim received his B.S. degree in Computer Science from Tongmyong University, Korea in 2008. He is now a student of successive postgraduate and doctoral programs of study in Mechanical Engineering of Pusan National University, Korea. His current research interests are visual surveillance, machine vision, robots and pattern recognition.
Jong-Seob Won received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University, USA, in 2003. He is now a professor in Mechanical & Automotive Engineering of Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea. His current research interests include Optimal control, Hybrid vehicle, and Intelligent controller design and its application to vehicles.
Dong-Joong Kang received his Ph.D. degree in Automation and Design Engineering at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) in 1999. He is now an associate professor in Mechanical Engineering of Pusan National University. His current research interests include pattern recognition, mobile robot, visual inspection of factory products. He is a member of the IEEE and ICROS.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, H., Kim, O., Won, JS. et al. Lane detection and tracking based on annealed particle filter. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 12, 1303–1312 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-013-0279-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-013-0279-2