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Early Maastrichtian benthos of the chalk at Kronsmoor, northern Germany: implications for Late Cretaceous environmental change

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Abstract

Lower Maastrichtian strata (Belemnella obtusa and lower–middle B elemnella sumensis cephalopod biozones) at the Saturn quarry near Kronsmoor (northern Germany) were logged and sampled in detail (33 bulk samples of about 6 kg each) for high-resolution quantitative palaeoecological analysis of the benthic fauna. Following standardised preparation, the size fractions 500 μm–1 mm and >1 mm were considered, documenting a diverse benthic assemblage of bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, various echinoid taxa, asteroids, ophiuroids, crinoids, sponges, small-sized sabellids and serpulids, cirripedes and foraminifera. A general, gradual up-section increase in the abundance of benthic faunas was recognised. Furthermore, from the lower to the upper part of the section, epifaunal suspension feeders became more dominant as the mobile guilds (epifaunal and shallow infaunal) saw a reduction in numbers. These observations parallel results obtained from low-resolution macrofossil analyses of this interval that documented an impoverished lower and a rich upper assemblage, the latter clearly dominated by epifaunal suspension feeders. Palaeoecological data of benthic community relicts at Kronsmoor are indicative of increased nutrient availability during the early Maastrichtian. However, in the absence of any evidence of increased productivity in the overlying photic zone (calcareous nannofossil data), a lateral input (upwelling) of nutrient-rich waters onto the shelf to fuel the benthic ecosystem has to be considered. This view is supported by records of contemporaneous changes in latest Cretaceous ocean circulation that followed the latest Campanian cooling event, inclusive of a southward spread of waters of intermediate depth from high latitudes.

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Acknowledgements

Holcim (Deutschland) AG, in particular Mr. J. Stinsky and Dr. A. Iwanoff, are thanked for permission to carry fieldwork at the Saturn quarry. We also thank Dr. B. Niebuhr (Dresden) for support in fieldwork, M. Müller (Bochum) for sampling as well as F. Häuser and K. Kleefuß (both Bochum) for preparation. M. Berensmeier (Potsdam) picked some samples. M. Machalski (Warsaw) and F.T. Fürsich (Erlangen) are thanked for constructive reviews of the manuscript as well as P. Königshof (Frankfurt) for editorial handling. Financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG codes MU 667/44-1 and WI 1743/8-1) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany

    Julia Engelke & Markus Wilmsen

  2. Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany

    Christian Linnert & Jörg Mutterlose

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  1. Julia Engelke
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  2. Christian Linnert
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  3. Jörg Mutterlose
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  4. Markus Wilmsen
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Correspondence to Julia Engelke.

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Engelke, J., Linnert, C., Mutterlose, J. et al. Early Maastrichtian benthos of the chalk at Kronsmoor, northern Germany: implications for Late Cretaceous environmental change. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 97, 703–722 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-017-0283-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-017-0283-2

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