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Giant rodents from the Neotropics: diversity and dental variation of late Miocene neoepiblemid remains from Urumaco, Venezuela

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Abstract

Caviomorphs constitute a large evolutionary radiation of South America rodents, exhibiting a wide range of body size and ecomorphological disparity. The geological history of caviomorphs has been recorded mainly from high latitudes, besides isolated discoveries from the Neotropics. The late Miocene fauna from Urumaco, Venezuela, is noteworthy for its location and for preserving the giant rodent Phoberomys pattersoni. Previous studies of isolated postcranial remains suggested that the rodent diversity from Urumaco was higher than is currently recognized. Based on new remains we document dental variation that indicates the presence of at least two giant rodent taxa in Urumaco, including Neoepiblema. Quantitative analysis of dentition of the different neoepiblemid species supports the differentiation between Neoepiblema and Phoberomys and suggests that several recognized species of Phoberomys could represent different ontogenetic stages of one or few taxa within the genus.

Kurzfassung

Die Caviomorpha stellen eine grosse evolutionäre Radiation südamerikanischer Nagetiere dar. Die geologische Geschichte der Caviomorpha ist, neben isolierten Entdeckungen in der Neotropis, hauptsächlich von den hohen Breiten überliefert. Die spätmiozäne Fauna von Urumaco, Venezuela, ist bemerkenswert für ihre Lage und für die Erhaltung von Phoberomys pattersoni. Vorhergehende Studien isolierter postcranialer Überreste deuteten darauf hin, dass die Diversität der Riesennager von Urumaco gröβer war als gegenwärtig angenommen. Basierend auf neuen Überresten dokumentieren wir dentale Variation, die auf die Anwesenheit von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Riesennager-Taxa in Urumaco, einschliesslich Neoepiblema, hinweist. Eine quantitative Analyse des Gebisses der verschiedenen neoepiblemiden Arten unterstützt die Unterscheidung zwischen Neoepiblema und Phoberomys, und deutet darauf hin, daβ verschiedene anerkannte Arten von Phoberomys unterschiedliche ontogenetische Stadien eines oder mehrerer Taxa innerhalb einer Gattung repräsentieren könnten.

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Abbreviations

AMU-CURS:

Alcaldía del Municipio de Urumaco, Falcón, Venezuela

CIAAP-UNEM:

Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas, Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Coro, Venezuela

MCNC:

Museo Nacional de Ciencias, Caracas, Venezuela

MLP:

Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

MACN:

Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina

SALMA:

South American land mammal age

M-m:

Molar

P-p:

Premolar

AP:

Anteroposterior length

AW:

Anterior width

PW:

Posterior width

MW:

Medium width

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Acknowledgments

We thank the authorities at the Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural of the Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela and the Alcaldía Municipio de Urumaco for their generous support. Gina Ojeda (CIAAP-UNEFM), Hyram Moreno (MCNC), A. Kramarz (MACN) and M. Reguero (MLP) provided access to the collections under their care. We are thankful to R. Sánchez, A.A. Carlini and J.D. Carrillo-Briceño for their support and help during fieldwork in Urumaco and T. Scheyer and C. Kolb for help and advice with the teeth sectioning, and J.D. Carrillo-Briceño for geographic information. C. Kolb helped with the German abstract. We dedicate this work to Rodolfo Sánchez, to honor his more than 30 years of palaeontological exploration in Urumaco. He kindly provided stratigraphic information on most of the specimens reported here. We thank M.G Vucetich, C. Deschamps (La Plata) and members of the group of Evolutionary Morphology and Paleobiology of Vertebrates (Zurich) for their comments and discussions as well as M.E. Pérez and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments that helped to improve the manuscript. J.D. Carrillo was supported by Swiss National Fund SNF 31003A-149605 to M.R. Sánchez-Villagra.

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  1. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland

    Juan D. Carrillo & Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra

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  1. Juan D. Carrillo
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Correspondence to Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra.

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Carrillo, J.D., Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. Giant rodents from the Neotropics: diversity and dental variation of late Miocene neoepiblemid remains from Urumaco, Venezuela. Paläontol Z 89, 1057–1071 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-015-0267-3

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