Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cooling Performance of an Additively Manufactured Lattice Structural Conformal Cooling Channel for Hot Stamping

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The design principle of an additively manufactured (AMed) lattice structural conformal cooling channel for hot stamping is investigated. AM with selective laser melting is adopted to fabricate a lab-scale rapid cooling die filled with conformal lattice structures, which provide structural stiffness, act as thermal fins, and expedite the occurrence of turbulent flow in the channel. Three different surface area densities with the same relative volume density were considered to evaluate the heat transfer and cooling performance. Computational fluid dynamics is used to analyze the flow of coolant in the lattice structures with different surface area densities. The experimental and computational results show that if the surface density of the lattice structure is selected properly, the cooling performance can be enhanced significantly while maintaining a constant relative volume density, which directly affects the weight reduction and stiffness of the cooling die.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

References

  1. Karbasian, H., & Tekkaya, A. E. (2010). A Review on Hot Stamping. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 210(15), 2103–2118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hoffmann, H., So, H., & Steinbeiss, H. (2007). Design of hot stamping tools with cooling system. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 56, 269–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhu, P., Hu, P., Liu, Y., Zhao, X., Ding, M., & Zhou, M. (2018). Topology optimization of channel cooling structures considering thermomechanical behavior. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 59, 613–632.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Shahbudin, S. N. A., Othman, M. H., Amin, S. Y. M., & Ibrahim, M. H. I. (2017). A review of metal injection molding—Process, optimization, defects and microwave sintering on WC-Co cemented carbide. In IOP conference series: Materials science and engineering (Vol. 226), Article 012162.

  5. Sachs, E., Wylonis, E., Allen, S., Cima, M., & Guo, H. (2000). Production of injection molding tooling with conformal cooling channels using the three dimensional printing process. Polymer Engineering and Science, 40, 1232–1247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mazur, M., Brincat, P., Leary, M., & Brandt, M. (2017). Numerical and experimental evaluation of a conformally cooled H13 steel injection mould manufactured with selective laser melting. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93, 881–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ngo, T. D., Kashani, A., Imbalzano, G., Nguyen, K. T. Q., & Hui, D. (2018). Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 143, 172–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Liu, H., Lei, C., & Xing, Z. (2013). Cooling system of hot stamping of quenchable steel BR1500HS: Optimization and manufacturing methods. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 69, 211–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wu, T., Jahan, S. A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Elmounayri, H., & Tovar, A. (2017). Design optimization of plastic injection tooling for additive manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing, 10, 923–934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jahan, S. A., Wu, T., Zhang, Y., El-Mounayri, H., Tovar, A., Zhang, J., Acheson, D., Nalim, R., Guo, X., & Lee, W. H. (2016). Implementation of conformal cooling and topology optimization in 3D printed stainless steel porous structure injection molds. Procedia Manufacturing, 5, 901–915.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Son, K. N., Weibel, J. A., Kumaresan, V., & Garimella, S. V. (2017). Design of multifunctional lattice-frame materials for compact heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115, 619–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yun, S., Kwon, J., Lee, D. C., Shin, H. H., & Kim, Y. (2020). Heat transfer and stress characteristics of additive manufactured FCCZ lattice channel using thermal fluid-structure interaction model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 149, 119187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Au, K. M., & Yu, K. M. (2007). A scaffolding architecture for conformal cooling design in rapid plastic injection moulding. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 34, 496–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gibson, L. J., & Ashby, M. F. (1997). Cellular solids: Structure and properties. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Hong, S.-T., & Herling, D. R. (2006). Open-cell aluminum foams filled with phase change materials as compact heat sinks. Scripta Materialia, 55(10), 887–890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Moore, M. (1974). Symmetrical intersections of right circular cylinders. The Mathematical Gazette, 58, 181–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Carob, E. J. F. R., Daun, K. J., & Well, M. A. (2014). Experimental heat transfer coefficient measurements during hot forming die quenching of boron steel at high temperatures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 71, 396–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Merklein, M., Lechler, J., & Geiger, M. (2006). Characterisation of the Flow properties of the quenchenable ultra high strength steel 22MnB5. CIRP Annals Manufacturing Technology, 55(1), 229–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Incropera, F. P., & DeWitt, D. P. (2001). Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer (5th ed.). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Son, K. N., Weibel, J. A., Kumaresan, V., & Garimella, S. V. (2017). Design of multifunctional lattice-frame materials for compact heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115, 619–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hwang, S. W., Kim, D. H., Min, J. K., & Jeong, J. H. (2012). CFD analysis of fin tube heat exchanger with a pair of delta winglet vortex generators. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 26, 2949–2958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This result was supported by "Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)" through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (2021RIS-003); This work was also partially funded by KITECH Project #EO2000014.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea

    Van Loi Tran, Byeong-Cheon Kim, Thanh Thuong Do, Shengwei Zhang, Kyoungsik Chang & Sung-Tae Hong

  2. 3D Printing Manufacturing Process Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

    Van Loi Tran, Ulanbek Auyeskhan, Jihwan Choi & Dong-Hyun Kim

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

    Ulanbek Auyeskhan

Authors
  1. Van Loi Tran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Byeong-Cheon Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thanh Thuong Do
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shengwei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kyoungsik Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sung-Tae Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ulanbek Auyeskhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jihwan Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Dong-Hyun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung-Tae Hong.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tran, V.L., Kim, BC., Do, T.T. et al. Cooling Performance of an Additively Manufactured Lattice Structural Conformal Cooling Channel for Hot Stamping. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 23, 1443–1452 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-022-00718-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-022-00718-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation