Skip to main content
Log in

Design and fabrication of printed electrowetting-on-dielectric device

  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the expensive price of the fabrication process of the existing semiconductor technology, printing technology has become the center of much attention in research as a micro fabrication technology. Among printing technologies, the rReverse-offset-printing (ROP) method that can achieve high resolution and complicated shape patterns is utilized to fabricate the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device, which has been widely researched for the control small-scale droplets. The EWOD device consists of three-layers which were successfully fabricated by the solution-based process. As a metal layer, Ag-ink was printed on the glass substrate by the ROP method. On top of this layer, a polymer solution (polyvinylphenol, PVP) was spin-coated as a dielectric layer, which has a high dielectric strength (100 V/mm) and high dielectric constant (3.9) compared to other spin-coatable dielectric materials. The Teflon solution was spin-coated on top of the dielectric layer to deposit a hydrophobic surface. Using the printed EWOD device, the transport of micro-size droplets was successfully demonstrated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kang, K. H., “How Electrostatic Fields Change Contact Angle in Electrowetting,” Langmuir, Vol. 18, No. 26, pp. 10318–10322, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mugele, F. and Baret, J. C., “Electrowetting: From Basics to Applications,” Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 17, No. 28, p. R705, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kuiper, S. and Hendriks, B., “Variable-Focus Liquid Lens for Miniature Cameras,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 85, No. 7, pp. 1128–1130, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Smith, N. R., Abeysinghe, D. C., Haus, J. W., and Heikenfeld, J., “Agile Wide-Angle Beam Steering with Electrowetting Microprisms,” Optics Express, Vol. 14, No. 14, pp. 6557–6563, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hayes, R. A. and Feenstra, B. J., “Video-Speed Electronic Paper based on Electrowetting,” Nature, Vol. 425, No. 6956, pp. 383–385, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cho, S. K., Moon, H., and Kim, C. J., “Creating, Transporting, Cutting, and Merging Liquid Droplets by Electrowetting-based Actuation for Digital Microfluidic Circuits,” Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 70–80, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Boeuf, J., “Plasma Display Panels: Physics, Recent Developments and Key Issues,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 36, No. 6, p. R53, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Menard, E., Meitl, M. A., Sun, Y., Park, J. U., Shir, D. J. L., et al., “Micro-and Nanopatterning Techniques for Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Systems,” Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 1117–1160, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Krebs, F. C., Gevorgyan, S. A., and Alstrup, J., “A Roll-to-Roll Process to Flexible Polymer Solar Cells: Model Studies, Manufacture and Operational Stability Studies,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 19, No. 30, pp. 5442–5451, 2009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yu, J. S., Kim, I., Kim, J. S., Jo, J., Larsen-Olsen, T. T., et al., “Silver Front Electrode Grids for Ito-Free all Printed Polymer Solar Cells with Embedded and Raised Topographies, Prepared by Thermal Imprint, Flexographic and Inkjet Roll-to-Roll Processes,” Nanoscale, Vol. 4, No. 19, pp. 6032–6040, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang, L., Rida, A., Vyas, R., and Tentzeris, M. M., “RFID Tag and RF Structures on a Paper Substrate using Inkjet-Printing Technology,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 55, No. 12, pp. 2894–2901, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhao, X., Chu, B. T., Ballesteros, B., Wang, W., Johnston, C., et al., “Spray Deposition of Steam Treated and Functionalized Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Supercapacitors,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 20, No. 6, Paper No. 065605, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kim, M., Koo, J. B., Baeg, K. J., Jung, S. W., Ju, B. K., and You, I. K., “Top-Gate Staggered Poly (3,3-Dialkyl-Quarterthiophene) Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Reverse-Offset-Printed Silver Source/Drain Electrodes,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, No. 13, Paper No. 133306, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, H., Dharmatilleke, S., Maurya, D. K., and Tay, A. A., “Dielectric Materials for Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Actuation,” Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 449–460, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yi, U. C. and Kim, C. J., “Characterization of Electrowetting Actuation on Addressable Single-Side Coplanar Electrodes,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 2053–2059, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pollack, M. G., Fair, R. B., and Shenderov, A. D., “Electrowettingbased Actuation of Liquid Droplets for Microfluidic Applications,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77, No. 11, pp. 1725–1726, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Jang, Y., Lee, W. H., Park, Y. D., Kwak, D., Cho, J. H., and Cho, K., “High Field-Effect Mobility Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors with Nanoparticle Polymer Composite/Polymer Bilayer Insulators,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, No. 18, Paper No. 183301, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Klauk, H., Halik, M., Zschieschang, U., Schmid, G., Radlik, W., and Weber, W., “High-Mobility Polymer Gate Dielectric Pentacene Thin Film Transistors,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 92, No. 9, pp. 5259–5263, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Abdelgawad, M. and Wheeler, A. R., “Rapid Prototyping in Copper Substrates for Digital Microfluidics,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 133–137, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim, I., Kwak, S. W., Kim, K. S., Lee, T. M., Jo, J., et al., “Effect of Ink Cohesive Force on Gravure Offset Printing,” Microelectronic Engineering, Vol. 98, pp. 587–589, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gupta, R., Sheth, D. M., Boone, T. K., Sevilla, A. B., and Fréchette, J., “Impact of Pinning of the Triple Contact Line on Electrowetting Performance,” Langmuir, Vol. 27, No. 24, pp. 14923–14929, 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Li, F. and Mugele, F., “How to Make Sticky Surfaces Slippery: Contact Angle Hysteresis in Electrowetting with Alternating Voltage,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, No. 24, pp. 244108, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Nelson, W. C., Sen, P., and Kim, C. J. C., “Dynamic Contact Angles and Hysteresis under Electrowetting-on-Dielectric,” Langmuir, Vol. 27, No. 16, pp. 10319–10326, 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Park, J. K., Lee, S. J., and Kang, K. H., “Fast and Reliable Droplet Transport on Single-Plate Electrowetting on Dielectrics using Nonfloating Switching Method,” Biomicrofluidics, Vol. 4, No. 2, Paper No. 024102, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taik-Min Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, B., Lee, S.J., Kim, I. et al. Design and fabrication of printed electrowetting-on-dielectric device. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 16, 989–995 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0128-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0128-8

Keywords

Navigation