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Tinnitus, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Military

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Abstract

Purpose

Acoustic trauma is more prevalent in military settings, especially among individuals with combat-related military occupational specialties. Gunfire, improvised explosive devices, and mortar explosions are a few examples that may cause hearing degradation and tinnitus. It is possible that the same events that are associated with auditory problems can cause traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Method

This paper reviews the distinct and overlapping symptoms of tinnitus, TBI, and PTSD, and how these disorders interact to synergistically promote negative outcomes.

Results

Tinnitus may serve as a significant contributor to symptoms of TBI and PTSD. Therefore, tinnitus subtypes could be identified as physiologically or psychologically based, or both.

Conclusions

Additional research is warranted to determine the common and unique symptoms and associated neurological pathways of tinnitus, TBI, and PTSD. Brief treatment recommendations are provided, including a multidisciplinary approach for the physical and psychological distress associated with tinnitus.

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Abbreviations

CPT:

Cognitive processing therapy

mTBI:

Mild traumatic brain injury

OEF:

Operation Enduring Freedom

OIF:

Operation Iraqi Freedom

OND:

Operation New Dawn

PE:

Prolonged Exposure

PTSD:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7550 IH-10 West, Suite 1325, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    John C. Moring, Alan L. Peterson & Kathryn E. Kanzler

  2. Office of Research and Development, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    Alan L. Peterson

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA

    Alan L. Peterson

  4. Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Foyd Curl Dr., MC 7794, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    Kathryn E. Kanzler

  5. ReACH (Research to Advance Community Health) Center, 7411 John Smith, Suite 1050, MC 7768, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    Kathryn E. Kanzler

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Moring, J.C., Peterson, A.L. & Kanzler, K.E. Tinnitus, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Military. Int.J. Behav. Med. 25, 312–321 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9702-z

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