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Transtheoretical Model Constructs’ Longitudinal Prediction of Sun Protection Over 24 Months

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Abstract

Purpose

This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for adopting sun protection practices. This secondary data analysis pooled four large population-based TTM-tailored intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups, organized by longitudinal progress: maintainers, relapsers, and stable non-changers.

Methods

A total of 3463 adults, in the USA, who met criteria for unsafe sun exposure at baseline received a TTM-tailored computerized intervention at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The final analytic sample consisted of 1894 participants; the majority were female, White, married, and middle-aged. The three groups were assessed with reliable and valid scales assessing use of TTM constructs at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. Analyses included a MANOVA followed by a series of ANOVAs, with Tukey follow-up tests assessing differences in use of TTM constructs across the three groups at each timepoint.

Results

Findings demonstrated that relapsers and maintainers were similar in their use of most TTM processes of change at baseline, with the exception of Consciousness Raising, Stimulus Control, Reinforcement Management, and Self-Liberation.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that although relapsers reverted to unsafe sun practices, their overall greater use of processes of change indicates that their change efforts remain better than that of stable non-changers.

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Acknowledgments

Grant nos. CA71356, AG024490, DA023191, AR43051, and G20RR030883 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders (NIAMSD), and the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) supported this research. NCI, NIA, NIDA, NIAMSD, and NIH had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Portions of this article were presented at the 35th annual meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Acknowledgement is given to all study participants, without whom this research would not have been possible.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors Yusufov, Rossi, Redding, Yin, Paiva, Velicer, Greene, Blissmer, Robbins, and Prochaska declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed Consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    Miryam Yusufov, Joseph S. Rossi, Colleen A. Redding, Hui-Qing Yin, Andrea L. Paiva, Wayne F. Velicer, Mark L. Robbins & James O. Prochaska

  2. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    Geoffrey W. Greene

  3. Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    Bryan Blissmer

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  1. Miryam Yusufov
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  2. Joseph S. Rossi
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Correspondence to Miryam Yusufov.

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Yusufov, M., Rossi, J.S., Redding, C.A. et al. Transtheoretical Model Constructs’ Longitudinal Prediction of Sun Protection Over 24 Months. Int.J. Behav. Med. 23, 71–83 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-015-9498-7

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