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A new species of Sessilogoga Grygier, 1990 parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its nauplius larvae and the synapomorphies and apparent gonochorism of the genus (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

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Abstract

More than 40 specimens of a new endoparasitic ascothoracidan species, described herein as Sessilogoga captiva Kolbasov & Grygier sp. nov. in the family Synagogidae Gruvel, 1905, were found at 35 m depth near Green Island off southeastern Taiwan infecting a colony of the antipatharian Antipathes sp. aff. A. atlantica Gray, 1857. Its sole known congener is S. elongata Grygier, 1990a, an endoparasite of an unidentified antipatharian from Guam. We photographed some specimens in life and used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy to extensively document the fine-scale external morphology of both sexes, including carapace ornamentation (with special attention to lattice organs), the frontal filament complex, the antennular armature, and details of the mouthparts. We also examined the first two naupliar larval stages by SEM. Among the three most plesiomorphic genera of ascothoracidans, the two species of Sessilogoga Grygier, 1990a exhibit several synapomorphies, probably connected with their endoparasitic way of life, that distinguish them from the vagile, possibly micro-predatory species of Synagoga Norman, 1888 and the ectoparasitic, possibly vagile species of Waginella Grygier, 1983a: (i) a reduced frontal filament complex, (ii) absence of epaulets on the sixth thoracomere, (iii) reduction of the setation of the proximal antennular segments, and (iv) more seminal receptacles in any given pair of thoracopods. The new species appears to be gonochoric with females generally larger than males; our find of a juvenile female smaller than any adult male tends to refute the likelihood of protandry.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to our referees for criticism and invaluable comments.

Funding

GAK and ASP were financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 17-54-52006 MNT_a and 18-04-00624 А). BKKC was supported by a bilateral grant offered by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST) (MOST-106-2923-B-001-002-MY3). The visit to Green Island by JO and MJG was funded by a VILLUM Experiment grant to J. Olesen from The Velux Foundations, as was JO’s SEM work. MJG’s work as a Research Fellow at NTOU’s Center of Excellence for the Oceans depended on continued support for the Center by the Featured Areas Research Center Program within the Taiwan Ministry of Education’s Higher Education Sprout Project. Final manuscript preparation by MJG was done while funded by MOST-108-2611-M-019-002-.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Gregory A. Kolbasov

  2. Invertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Alexandra S. Petrunina

  3. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Jørgen Olesen

  4. Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan

    Ming-Jay Ho & Benny K. K. Chan

  5. Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC

    Mark J. Grygier

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  1. Gregory A. Kolbasov
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  3. Jørgen Olesen
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  4. Ming-Jay Ho
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Correspondence to Mark J. Grygier.

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Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for animal testing, animal care, and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies were obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Author contribution

GAK and BKKC conceived and designed the study. GAK, ASP, BKKC, and MJH did the field work at sea and MJH identified the host. GAK and MJG wrote the manuscript. GAK, ASP, and JO did the photography, including SEM, GAK made the line drawings, and BKKC prepared the graph. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Communicated by S. Ohtsuka

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Kolbasov, G.A., Petrunina, A.S., Olesen, J. et al. A new species of Sessilogoga Grygier, 1990 parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its nauplius larvae and the synapomorphies and apparent gonochorism of the genus (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Ascothoracida). Mar. Biodivers. 50, 43 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01062-y

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