Abstract
Mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) is a standard marker for molecular identification of many animal groups, but its general use does not apply for calanoid copepods. This study aimed to test nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) as barcode for this animal group. We sequenced ITS1, ITS2, and COI of 105 individuals representing 14 families of Calanoida collected in the western Atlantic for comparison of the successful sequencing rates. All GenBank available sequences of ITS1 (407 sequences) and ITS2 (665 sequences) were also used for analysis of their potential use as barcode and for the calculation of a genus per genus success identification rate. Sequencing rate efficiencies of ITS1 and ITS2 were far superior to those obtained for COI (98.1, 91.4, and 31.4%, respectively) showing high levels of universality for their primers. A barcode gap in ITS1 and ITS2 analyses was not observed, but overall success rates of identification were 99.07 and 98.45%, respectively. Efficiency of closely related species discrimination varied among different genera. We concluded that ITS1 and ITS2 presented better sequencing rates than COI for calanoid copepods and reinforced that it can be used as a helpful tool for species identification in this taxonomic group, after analyzing all available GenBank sequences until this date.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the members of “Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular” and “Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática” from PUC-RS, and the members of “Laboratório de Genética Animal,” “Núcleo de Genética Aplicada à Biodiversidade,” and “LabZoo” from UFES for their assistance with sample analysis. This work was part of the Brazilian Barcode of Life (BrBOL) Consortium.
Funding
This work was supported by the Br-BOL consortium, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
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Rocha, G.M., Martinelli, A.B., Utz, L.R.P. et al. Using internal transcribed spacers for Calanoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) species identification. Mar Biodiv 49, 1565–1571 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0902-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0902-9