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Morphometry and morphological phylogeny of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 complex in Thai waters

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Abstract

Three hundred and fifty-eight specimens of pharaoh cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis, Ehrenberg, 1831 were collected from 30 localities in Thai waters, Gulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean). Specimens were grouped according to sex, habitats and four categorised types of colour patterns on the dorsal mantle based on the number of stripes on the middle and lateral parts. Morphometry of 70 characters from five character sets of external, cuttlebone, digestive system, reproductive system and hectocotylus morphology were compared. The male and female cuttlefish were significantly different in 38 characters. Four types of males and females were significantly different in 29 and 19 characters. Overall, differences in colour patterns were more prominent in males than in females. Phylogenetic analyses of seven high-weighted characters revealed four likely clades of populations, corresponding to four types of colour patterns on the dorsal mantle.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the staff of the Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Department of Biology, and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University for their assistance in the laboratory work. This work was also supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education. We also express our thanks to Jorgen Hylleberg, Anuwat Nateewathana and Natinee Sukramongkol for their substantial suggestions on our manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Surangkana Tuanapaya

  2. Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Jaruwat Nabhitabhata

Authors
  1. Surangkana Tuanapaya
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  2. Jaruwat Nabhitabhata
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Correspondence to Jaruwat Nabhitabhata.

Additional information

Communicated by Y. Sakurai

Appendix

Appendix

Table 1 External morphometric characters of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 used in this study (modified from Jereb et al. (2005) and Roper and Voss (1983))
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Table 2 Cuttlebone morphometric characters of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 used in this study (modified from Jereb et al. (2005) and Roper and Voss (1983))
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Table 3 Digestive system morphometric characters of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 used in this study (modified from Jereb et al. (2005), Roper and Voss (1983) and Dunning et al. (1998))
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Table 4 Reproductive system morphometric characters of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 used in this study (modified from Jereb et al. (2005), Roper and Voss (1983) and Dunning et al. (1998))
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Table 5 Hectocotylus morphological and morphometric characters of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 used in this study (modified from Jereb et al. (2005) and Roper and Voss (1983))
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Tuanapaya, S., Nabhitabhata, J. Morphometry and morphological phylogeny of Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 complex in Thai waters. Mar Biodiv 47, 763–775 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0682-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0682-7

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