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First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon

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Abstract

A new species of Echinoderes, E. applicitus sp. nov., is described from a brackish water lagoon on the south coast of Central Java, Indonesia. The species is recognized by its complete lack of spines on segments 1–10, lateroventral tubules on segments 5 and 8, laterodorsal tubules on segment 10, and a mid- to subdorsal tergal protrusion of segment 10 that extends beyond the posterior margin of segment 11. The general reduction of spine size and numbers, the absence of lateral terminal accessory spines in females and the enlarged sieve plate suggest a close relationship with E. rex, E. coulli, E. maxwelli and E. teretis. The adaptation to a brackish, estuarine habitat with highly fluctuating salinities is also shared between the three latter species and E. applicitus sp. nov. The examined populations of the new species had a relatively high infection rate (10–15%) of epibiontic growth from at least three different prokaryotic or protist organisms. An infection rate of this magnitude has not previously been reported for kinorhynchs, and it may have a relationship to the brackish habitat.

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Notes

  1. During the revision of the present manuscript, the senior author learned through a personal communication from H. Yamasaki and H. Kajihara that one additional psammic, intertidal species of Echinoderes is currently being described, and that the species shows great morphological resemblance with E. coulli, E. maxwelli, E. teretis, and E. applicitus sp. nov.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Pedro Arbizu Martinez for valuable discussions and for offering research facilities at the Senckenberg Institute at Wilhelmshaven, Yully Atikasari and Flandrianto Sihp for their assistance during the field work, Tom Fenchel for his comments regarding identity of the epibionts, and Stine Elle for providing the line art illustrations. This work has been conducted with funding from the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst) that supported the first author’s field work on Java (Grant No. D0945941). The SPICE project was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Grant No. 03F0471A) and it is gratefully acknowledged. Funding was furthermore granted from the Danish Natural Science Research Council (Grant No. 09–066003) to M.V.S.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven, Senckenberg Research Institute, Südstrand 44, D-26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany

    Alexandra Ostmann

  2. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstraße 6, D-28359, Bremen, Germany

    Inga Nordhaus

  3. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Martin V. Sørensen

  4. University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Alexandra Ostmann

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  1. Alexandra Ostmann
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  2. Inga Nordhaus
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  3. Martin V. Sørensen
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Correspondence to Martin V. Sørensen.

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Ostmann, A., Nordhaus, I. & Sørensen, M.V. First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon. Mar Biodiv 42, 79–91 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-011-0094-z

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