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Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: insights from molecular tools

  • Arctic Ocean Diversity Synthesis
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Abstract

The last decade has seen an increase in the frequency and breadth of application of molecular tools, many of which are beginning to shed light on long-standing questions in biogeography and evolutionary history of marine fauna. We explore new developments with respect to Arctic marine invertebrates, focusing on molecular taxonomy and phylogeography—two areas that have seen the most progress in the time-frame of the Census of Marine Life. International efforts to generate genetic ‘barcodes’ have yielded new taxonomic insights and applications ranging from diet analysis to identification of larval forms. Increasing availability of genetic data in public databases is also facilitating exploration of large-scale patterns in Arctic marine populations. We present new case-studies in meta-population analysis of barcode data from polychaetes and echinoderms that demonstrate such phylogeographic applications. Emerging patterns from ours and other published studies include influences of a complex climatic and glacial history on genetic diversity and evolution in the Arctic, and contrasting patterns of both high gene flow and persistent biogeographic boundaries in contemporary populations.

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Acknowledgements

This publication is part of the Census of Marine Life’s Arctic Ocean Diversity (ArcOD) project synthesis and was originally presented at the Arctic Frontiers Conference in Tromsø, January 2010. The support and initiative of the Arctic Marine Ecosystem Research Network (ARCTOS) and Arctic Frontiers are gratefully acknowledged. S.M. Hardy and C. Carr also appreciate research support from ArcOD, which contributed to the generation of polychaete barcode data analyzed here. M. Hardman was funded by the Academy of Finland and D. Steinke was supported by funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (MarBOL).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, PO Box 757220, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

    Sarah Mincks Hardy

  2. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Christina M. Carr, Dirk Steinke & Erin Corstorphine

  3. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00014, Finland

    Michael Hardman

  4. Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC, 20013, USA

    Christopher Mah

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  1. Sarah Mincks Hardy
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  2. Christina M. Carr
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  3. Michael Hardman
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  4. Dirk Steinke
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  5. Erin Corstorphine
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  6. Christopher Mah
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Correspondence to Sarah Mincks Hardy.

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This article belongs to the special issue "Arctic Ocean Diversity Synthesis"

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Hardy, S.M., Carr, C.M., Hardman, M. et al. Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: insights from molecular tools. Mar Biodiv 41, 195–210 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0056-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0056-x

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