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Intestinal microbiota and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: current understanding and future prospective

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Abstract

Background

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) characterized by arthritis of unknown origin is the most common childhood chronic rheumatic disease, caused by both host genetic factors and environmental triggers. Recent evidence has mounted to focus on the intestinal microbiota, a potentially recognized set of environmental triggers affecting JIA development. Here we offer an overview of recently published animal and human studies that support the impact of intestinal microbiota in JIA.

Data sources

We searched PubMed for animal and human studies publications with the search terms “intestinal microbiota or gut microbiota” and “juvenile idiopathic arthritis or juvenile chronic arthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or childhood rheumatoid arthritis or pediatric rheumatoid arthritis”.

Results

Several comparative studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbial alterations might be triggers in disease pathogenesis. Alternatively, a slice of studies has suggested environmental triggers in early life might disrupt intestinal microbial colonization, including cesarean section, formula feeding, and antibiotic exposure. Aberrant intestinal microbiota may influence the development of JIA by mediating host immune programming and by altering mucosal permeability.

Conclusions

Specific microbial factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of JIA. Intensive studies, however, are warranted to investigate the causality between intestinal dysbiosis and JIA and the mechanisms behind these epidemiologic relationships. Studies are also needed to design the best interventional administrations to restore balanced intestinal microbial communities.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81701591) and Research Foundation of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China (No. FX-2019-01).

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  1. Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Le Xin

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China

    Feng He & Sen Li

  3. Department of Rheumatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China

    Zhi-Xuan Zhou & Xiao-Lin Ma

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  1. Le Xin
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XL wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. HF, LS and ZZX revised critically and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. MXL designed the review, revised critically and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiao-Lin Ma.

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Xin, L., He, F., Li, S. et al. Intestinal microbiota and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: current understanding and future prospective. World J Pediatr 17, 40–51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00371-3

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