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Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children

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Abstract

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children. OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear. This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.

Date sources

We have retrieved all relevant original articles from Database that have been published so far, including the prevalence studies of NE and OSA in children, sleep characteristic studies that use polysomnography (PSG) to focus on children with NE, and studies on the relationship between OSA and NE.

Results

Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of NE in children with OSA was increased compared with that of their healthy peers. This increased risk may be associated with sleep disorders, bladder instability, detrusor overactivity, nocturnal polyuria, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and inflammation.

Conclusions

Cardiopulmonary and renal reflex-induced neuroendocrine disorder may play an important role in the mechanism of NE in children with OSA, but this remains to be confirmed by animal studies. Other causes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses need to be further researched.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Nancy Wade, MD, and Albert Martin Li, PhD, for their assistance.

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81870075); National Key Clinical Specialist Open Project no. 20130211; Zhejiang Province Natural Science Funding Project (no. LY17H010003); Zhejiang Province Health Department Project (no. 2017185046).

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  1. Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Miao-Shang Su, Li Xu, Wen-Feng Pan & Chang-Chong Li

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  1. Miao-Shang Su
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MSS was the guarantor of integrity and conceived the study, participated in its design, carried out studies and prepared the manuscript; LX and WFP participated in the literature research and helped draft the manuscript; CCL helped the design and final revision of the manuscript. MSS and LX contributed equally to this paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chang-Chong Li.

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Su, MS., Xu, L., Pan, WF. et al. Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children. World J Pediatr 15, 109–116 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-018-0199-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-018-0199-6

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