Abstract
Because tensor CSAMT observation can better describe 3D subsurface electrical resistivity structure and better meet the needs of fine geological exploration in complex geological conditions than scalar CSAMT, we developed a 3D tensor CSAMT program based on the finite difference method, including a smooth inversion (data-space Occam’s inversion). The total field is decomposed into primary and secondary fields. The secondary field is calculated using the finite difference method to achieve the 3D modeling. Based on the forward performance, we compute the Jacobian matrix using the reciprocity theorem. In addition, we use the search method to compute the Lagrange operator and formulate the inversion iterative equation to realize Occam’s 3D inversion. We verified the program on synthetic data and real field data from China. Using only principal diagonal tensor elements for the inversion can improve the inversion efficiency. The field data was confirmed by thorough interpretation. The inversion examples illustrate the validity and stability of the programs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Boerner DE, Wright JA, Thurlow JG, Reed LE (1993) Tensor CSAMT studies at the Buchans Mine in Central Newfoundland. US J Geophys Eng 58(1):12–19. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443342
Caldwell TG, Bibby HM, Brown C (2002) Controlled source apparent resistivity tensors and their relationship to the magnetotelluric impedance tensor. Eur Geophys J Int Eng 151(3):755–770. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01798.x
Cao M (2016) 3D Data-Space OCCAM inversion for controlled source extremely low-frequency method (PhD Thesis) China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
Constable SC, Parker RL, Constable C (1987) Occam’s inversion: a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data. US J Geophys Eng 52(3):289–300. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442303
deGroot-hedlin C, Constable SC (1990) Occam’s inversion to generate smooth two-dimensional models from magnetotelluric data. US J Geophys Eng 55(12):1613–1624. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442813
Garcia X, Boerner D, Pedersen LB (2003) Electric and magnetic galvanic distortion decomposition of tensor CSAMT data. Application to data from the Buchans Mine (Newfoundland, Canada). Eur Geophys J Int Eng 154(3):957–969. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.02019.x
Hu XY, Peng RH, Wu GJ, Wang WP, Huo GP, Han B (2013) Mineral exploration using CSAMT data: application to Longmen region metallogenic belt, Guangdong Province. Chin J Geophys 78(3):B111–B119. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0115.1
Hu YC, Li TL, Fan CS, Wang DY, Li JP (2015) Three-dimensional tensor controlled-source electromagnetic modeling based on the vector finite-element method. Chin J Appl Geophys Eng 12(1):35–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-014-0469-1
Key K (2009) 1D inversion of multicomponent, multifrequency marine CSEM data: methodology and synthetic studies for resolving thin resistive layers. US J Geophys Eng 74(2):F9–F20. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3058434
Li YG, Key K (2007) 2D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling: part 1 — an adaptive finite-element algorithm. US J Geophys Eng 72(2):WA51–WA62. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2432262
Li XB, Pedersen LB (1992) Controlled source tensor magnetotellurics responses of a layered earth with azimuthal anisotropy. Eur Geophys J Int Eng 111(1):91–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00557.x
Lin CH, Tan HD, Shu Q, Tong T, Tan JY (2012) Three-dimensional conjugate gradient inversion of CSAMT data. Chin J Geophys 55(11):3829–3838. https://doi.org/10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.030
Lin CH, Tan HD, Wang WW, Tong T, Peng M, Wang M, Zeng WH (2017) Three-dimensional inversion of CSAMT data in the presence of topography. Aus J Explor Geophys Eng 49(3):253–267. https://doi.org/10.1071/EG16067
Liu ZX, Xue GQ, Zhang LB (2017) Comparison and analysis on the effective observation area of the tensor CSAMT by numerical modeling. Chin J Geophys 60(8):3278–3287. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.30080
Liu X, Wang M, Chen BG (2021) 3D tensor CSAMT modeling based on axis anisotropic media. Chin J Progress Geophys 36(03):1095–1102
Lu XY (1999a) Two dimensional inversion of tensor CSAMT data. SEG Tech Program Expand Abstr 16(1):362–365
Lu XY, Unsworth M, Booker J (1999b) Rapid relaxation inversion of CSAMT data. Eur Geophys J Int Eng 138(2):381–392. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00871.x
McMillan MS, Oldenburg DW (2014) Cooperative constrained inversion of multiple electromagnetic data sets. US J Geophy Eng 79(4):B173–B185. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0029.1
Newman GA, Alumbaugh DL (2002) Three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients. Geophys J Roy Astron Soc 140(2):410–424. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00007.x
Routh PS, Oldenburg DW (1999) Inversion of controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data for a horizontally layered Earth. US J Geophys Eng 64(6):1689–1697. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444673
Siripunvaraporn W, Egbert G (2000) An efficient data-subspace inversion method for 2-D magnetotelluric data. US J Geophys Eng 65(3):791–803. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444778
Siripunvaraporn W, Sarakorn W (2011) An efficient data space conjugate gradient Occam’s method for three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion. Eur Geophys J Int Eng 186(2):567–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05079.x
Siripunvaraporn W, Egbert G, Lenbury Y, Uyeshimad M (2005) Three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion: data-space method. Phys Earth Planet Inter 150(1):3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.08.023
Wang XX, Di QY, Xu C (2014) Characteristics of multiple sources and tensor measurement in CSAMT. Chin J Geophysics 57(2):651–661
Wang KP, Tan HD, Lin CH, Yuan JL, Wang C, Tang J (2017a) Three-dimensional tensor controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric inversion using LBFGS. Aus J Explor Geophys Eng 49(3):268–284. https://doi.org/10.1071/EG16079
Wang T, Wang KP, Tan HD (2017) Forward modeling and inversion of tensor CSAMT in 3D anisotropic media[J]. China J Appl Geophys Eng 14(04):590–605+623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-017-0644-7
Wang G, Lei D, Zhang ZY, Hu XY, Wang DY, Zhu W, Lei D (2018) Tensor CSAMT and AMT study of the xiarihamu NiCu sulfide deposit at Gansu, China. China J Appl Geophys Eng 159:795–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.09.031
Wannamaker PE (1997) Tensor CSAMT survey over the sulphur springs thermal area, Valles Caldera, New Mexico, U.S.A., Part I: Implications for the structure of the western caldera. US J Geophys Eng 62(2):451–465. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444156
Weng AH, Liu YH, Jia DY, Liao XD, Yin CC (2012) Three-dimensional controlled source electromagnetic inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients. Chin J Geophys 55(10):3506–3515
Xie MB, Tan HD, Wang KP, Guo CA, Zhang ZY, Li ZQ (2017) Study on the characteristics of 3D CSAMT tensor impedance data. Chin J Progress Geophys 32(02):522–530
Younis A, El-Qady G, Alla MA, Zaher MA, Khalil A, Ibiary MA, Saraev A (2014) AMT and CSAMT methods for hydrocarbon exploration at Nile Delta, Egypt. Arab J Geosci 8:1965–1975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1354-6
Zonge KL, Hughes LJ (1991) Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics. In: Nabighian MN (ed) Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics. Society of Exploration Geophysicists Press, USA, pp 713–810
Acknowledgements
We thank the reviewers for their comments. We thank Siripunvaraporn W. et al. because of their previous work. We also thank Lin C. H., Wang K. P., and the editors for their enthusiastic help.
Funding
This work is supported by the Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 20212BAB213023).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Narasimman Sundararajan
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xiao, L., Huan, M., Jianjun, G. et al. Occam’s inversion of 3D tensor CSAMT in data space. Arab J Geosci 16, 100 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11192-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11192-9