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Morphometric and kinematic analysis of southern margin of the Küçük Menderes Graben and its tectonic implications in western Anatolia

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Abstract

Küçük Menderes Graben is located in the highly active extensional-dominated region of the western Anatolia, and it is delimited by İzmir Balıkesir Transfer Zone (İBTZ). Even though the formation of Küçük Menderes Graben (KMG) has been studied since mid-1800, the studies regarding tectonic and geomorphology aim to unravel the Quaternary activity and landscape evolution has so far been rarely addressed. To fill this gap that exists in literature, in this study, relative tectonic assessment of six morphometric indices and kinematic analysis was performed along the southern margin of the KMG. The results denoted asymmetry factor (13-AF-84), hypsometric curve (HC) and hypsometric integral (0.34-HI-0.90), mountain front sinuosity (1.2-Smf-1.95), valley floor width-to-height ratio (0.21-Vf-1.81), basin shape analyses (0.80-Bs-8.48), and stream length gradient index (28-Hack-778). They signified that relatively high tectonic activity is concentrated in around the Tire region and Beydağı region, along the Tire fault and Halıköy-Beydağ/Konaklı-Kemenler faults. In contrast, the rest of the regions exhibits moderate tectonic activity. These findings particularly indicate a differential uplift along the southern margin of the KMG. The geomorphic and paleo stress data along with field evidence imply that (i) WNW-ESE-oriented contraction associated with an NNE-SSW-oriented extension prevails over the KMG, (ii) the KMG is delimited by NE-SW trending dextral strike-slip fault at the west within the İBTZ, and (iii) uplift rate recorded for the Quaternary is somewhat moderate and preliminary qualitative morphometric analysis suggests rates higher than 0.05 mm a−1.

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Acknowledgements

The author would particularly like to thank Hasan Sözbilir for his far-reaching recommendation and favorable comments that helped enhance the manuscript. The author also thanks sincerely Julien Babault, Savaş Topal, Murat Nas, Volkan Karabacak, and Bora Rojay whose valuable comments, language correction, and useful criticisms have greatly improved the manuscript. More so, special thanks must go to Büşra Yerli and Ali Duman for their help during the field studies. The author expresses his appreciation to the editors for considering my paper for publication.

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  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

    Mustafa Softa

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Softa, M. Morphometric and kinematic analysis of southern margin of the Küçük Menderes Graben and its tectonic implications in western Anatolia. Arab J Geosci 15, 131 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09414-z

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