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The Sidi El Hemissi Triassic “ophites” (Souk Ahras, NE Algeria): petrology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis

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Abstract

The Sidi El Hemissi region, Souk-Ahras, is part of the Tellian Atlas where the Triassic sediments tectonically outcrop under the Tellian nappes of the Maghrebide chain. Mafic rocks, mainly gabbros and dolerites, called “ophites,” are interbedded as a ~ 200 × 30-m lenticular body within the Triassic gypsum-rich formation. These rocks show granular, microgranular, and microlithic textures and are composed of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene, and scarce olivine crystals. Albitization is the main alteration process, though chloritization, calcitization, and epidotization of ferromagnesian minerals can also be occasionally observed. The major, trace, and rare earth element studies show that these mafic rocks display relatively low P2O5 (less than 0.2 wt%) and moderate to low TiO2 contents (less than 2 wt%) and exhibit low-Ti continental tholeiitic basalt affinity. They are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) compared with high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). This, along with the observed weak Nb and Ce anomalies and the low-Ti contents, suggests an enriched mantle source for the generation of the magma, which likely underwent crustal contamination before emplacement within the Triassic sediments.

The petrological and geochemical features of the Sidi El Hemissi ophites show many similarities with the basaltic rocks emplaced during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic times, now cropping out in north-western Africa, south-western Europe, north-eastern, and south-eastern America. This large magmatic activity is believed to be related to the continental rifting associated with the early stages of the Pangea breakup.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. A. Chabbi for his help and assistance during field work. Their gratitude goes also to Mr. Allem Djaafar for sample preparation and thin section confections. The Badji Mokhtar University—Annaba is also thanked for providing short-period grant to HS Zanouda to travel to Tunisia and perform mineralogical study at the Laboratoire des Ressources Minerales et Environnement, University of Tunis El Manar. The authors are very grateful to an anonymous reviewer who carefully reviewed the manuscript and helped improve the quality of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de géologie, FST, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, B.P. 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Halima Saadia Zanouda, Rabah Laouar & Sihem Salmi-Laouar

  2. Laboratoire de recherche en Géologie, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, B.P. 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Halima Saadia Zanouda & Sihem Salmi-Laouar

  3. Laboratoire de Géodynamique, Géologie de l’Ingénieur et Planétologie, F.S.T.G.A.T., USTHB, BP. 32, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria

    Rabah Laouar

  4. Département Génie Minier, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10, Avenue Hassen Badi, B.P. 182, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria

    Amar Sebai

  5. Laboratoire GéoAzur, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

    Chrystèle Verati

  6. Mineral Resources Team, LRM2E, Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Salah Bouhlel

  7. Isotope Geosciences Unit, SUERC, East Kilbride, Glasgow, G75 0QU, Scotland

    Adrian J. Boyce

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  1. Halima Saadia Zanouda
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Zanouda, H.S., Laouar, R., Salmi-Laouar, S. et al. The Sidi El Hemissi Triassic “ophites” (Souk Ahras, NE Algeria): petrology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis. Arab J Geosci 12, 274 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4462-5

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