Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Flood susceptibility mapping using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis: Saricay-Çanakkale (Turkey)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Floods are natural disasters that are among the most damaging natural events for humans and the environment. Globally and in Turkey, a variety of engineering studies are performed to solve problems that may form before and after flood events. In this situation, the preparation of flood susceptibility maps is beneficial to observe areas with tendency to flood and to make plans in accordance with this. This study focuses on previous and current floods on the Saricay River passing through the settlement area of Çanakkale. Within this scope, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used with the help geographical information systems (GIS) that was used to determine possible flood areas. In the first stage, the most important factors affecting flooding were determined. These include slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use and proximity to the river. Subcriteria were developed to ensure more accurate evaluation of each criteria. For each criteria, an appropriate weight value was assigned, and for each subcriteria, an effect value was assigned. All criteria were included in the weighted overlay method, and sensitivity analysis was performed to create a flood susceptibility map for the study area. According to this map, the study area was divided into five classes from very low susceptibility to very high susceptibility. According to these results, 13.9% of the study area has high susceptibility, while 14.2% has very high susceptibility. Furthermore, paleoflood analysis studies of Saricay included identification of fluvial deposits using geological and geomorphological data and determination of soil profiles. Fluvial sediments were dated with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method, and it was determined that the Saricay river changed its course about 30–40 thousand years before present. The ancient bed had NW-SE orientation, while the current bed flows in an E-W orientation within the city.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aitken MJ (1998) An introduction to optical dating. The dating of quaternary sediments by the use of photon-simulated lüminescence. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 267

    Google Scholar 

  • Akar I, Maktav D (2008) Comparison of multi criteria decision analysis and hydrological modelling by means of remote sensing and GIS integration in flood. 2. Remote Sensing and GIS Symposium, Kayseri, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Arca D (2012) Geographic information system and remote sensing in disaster management. Karaelmas Sci Eng J 2(2):53–61 (in Turkish) 

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atabey E, Ilgar A, Sakıtaş A (2004) Middle-Upper Miocene stratigraphi of Çanakkale basin, NW Turkey. Bull Min Res Exp 128:79–97 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Avşin N (2017) Differential impacts of the local tectonism and uplift on the geomorphological evolution of the Göksu river valley (East Mediterranean, Turkey). ASOS Journal 5(56):94–111 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker VR (2008) Paleoflood hydrology; origin, progress, prospects. Geomorphology 101:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker VR, Kochel RC (1988) Flood sedimentation in bedrock fluvial systems. In: Baker VR, Kochel RC, Patton PC (eds) Flood geomorphology. Wiley, USA, pp 123–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Basaran-Uysal A, Sezen F, Ozden S, Karaca O (2014) Classification of residential areas according to physical vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of Çanakkale, Turkey. Disasters 38(1):202–226 (in Turkish)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benito G, Thorndycraft VR (2005) Paleoflood hydrology ant its role inapplied hydrological sciences. J Hydrol 313:3–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benito G, Sopena A, Sanchez Y, Machado MJ, Perez Gonzalez A (2003) Palaeoflood record of the Tagus river (Central Spain) during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Quat Sci Rev 22:1737–1756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Can (2001) Atikhisar dam revision research report, SHW, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Carver SJ (1991) Integrating multi-criteria evaluation with geographical information systems. Int J Geogr Inf Syst 5(3):321–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalkias C, Ferentinou M, Polykretis C (2014) GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping on the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece. Geosciences 4:176–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang N, Parvathinathan G, Breeden J (2008) Combining GIS with fuzzy multicriteria decision-making for landfill siting in a fast-growing urban region. J Environ Manag 87(1):139–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Ito Y, Sawamukai M, Tokunaga T (2015) Flood hazard assessment in the Kujukuri plain of Chiba prefecture, Japan, based on GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Nat Hazards 78:105–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawod GM, Mirza MN, Al-Ghamdi KA, Elzahrany RA (2014) Projected impacts of land use and road network changes on increasing flood hazards using a 4D GIS: a case study in Makkah metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia. Arab J Geosci 7:1139–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilley M, Chen RS, Deichmann U, Lerner-Lam AL, Arnold M, Agwe J, Buys P, Kjekstad O, Lyon B, Yetman G (2005) Natural disaster hotspots: a global risk analysis. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and Columbia University, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Doğan T (2010) Paleoseismological analysis in east anatolia fault system (EAFS) using optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique. Thesis of Doctorate Çukurova University, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Dölek I (2013) Analysis of natural factors that cause flood and high-water in Muş. Marmara Geographical Review 28:408–422 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dölek I (2015) Identification of the areas susceptible to flooding and overflows in Sungu and its surrounding (Muş). Marmara Geographical Review 31:258–280 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duller GAT (2008) Single-grain optical dating of quaternary sediments: why aliquot size matters in luminescence dating. Boreas 37:589–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ercan T, Satır M, Steinitz G, Dora A, Sarıfakıoğlu E, Adıs H, Walter H, Yıldırım T (1995) Characteristics of the Tertiary volcanism of the Biga Peninsula, Gökçeada, Bozcaada and Tavşanadası NW Anatolia. Bull Min Res Exp 117:55–86 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Erginal AE, Erginal G (2003) Geomorphological assessment of the determination of location in Çanakkale city. Eastern Geographical Review 8(9):95–116 (in Turkish)

  • Erginal AE, Kıyak N (2008) The origin and dating of late Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits in the east of Çanakkale using OSL: preliminary results. Turkish Geographical Review 51:1–11 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Erol O (1968) Preliminary note on the geomorphology of the Dardanelles. Ankara university language history and geography faculty publications. J Geogr Stud 2(2):57–87 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Erol O (1985) Geomorphology of the southern part of the Çanakkale (Dardanelles) district. Geomorphology Journal 13:1–7 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Erol O (1992) Geomorphologic and neotectonic evolution of Dardanelles. TAPG Bulletin 4(1):147–165 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenicia F, Kavetski D, Savenije HH, Clark MP, Schoups G, Pfister L, Freer J (2014) Catchment properties, function, and conceptual model representation: is there a correspondence? Hydrol Process 28:2451–2467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez DS, Lutz MA (2010) Urban flood hazard zoning in Tucumán Province, Argentina, using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Eng Geol 111:90–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frances F, Salas JD, Boes DC (1994) Flood frequency analysis with systematic and historical or paleoflood data based on the two-parameter general extreme value models. Water Resour Res 30(6):1653–1664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huntley DJ, Godfrey - Smith DI, Thevalt MLW (1985) Optical dating of sediments. Nature 313:105–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonkman SN, Dawson RJ (2012) Issues and challenges in flood risk management-editorial for the special issue on flood risk management. Water 4:785–792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan SI, Hong Y, Wang J, Yilmaz KK, Gourley JJ, Adler RF, Brakenridge GR, Policelli F, Habib S, Irwin D (2011) Satellite remote sensing and hydrologic modeling for flood ınundation mapping in Lake Victoria basin: implications for hydrologic prediction in ungauged basins. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 49:85–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korah PI, López FMJ (2015) Mapping flood vulnerable areas in Quetzaltenango. Guatemala using GIS Journal of Environment and Earth Science 5(6):132–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Kum N (2007) The influence of coasts in the urban development of Dardanelles. Master of thesis, Star Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Lang A, Wagner GA (1996) Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of archaeosediments. Archaeometry 38:129–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li KZ, Wu SH, Dai EF, Xu ZC (2012) Flood loss analysis and quantitative risk assessment in China. Nat Hazards 3:737–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malczewski J (1999) GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Malczewski J (2004) GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview. Prog Plan 62(1):3–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath H, Stefanakis E, Nastev M (2015) Sensitivity analysis of flood damage estimates: Acasestudyin Fredericton, New Brunswick. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 14:379–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer V (2007) GIS-based multicriteria analysis as decision support in flood risk management. Flood site Project Report, https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/45237/1/548359628.pdf, Accessed 08 Apr. 2018

  • National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) (2011) GIS based flood hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment of people due to climate change: a case study from Kankai watershed. East Nepal, 51 p

  • Oguz K, Oguz E, Coşkun M (2016) Determination of flood risk areas by geographical information systems samples province of Artvin (Turkey). 4. National Flood Symposium 21–24 November Rize, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Okay Aİ, Siyako M, Bürkan KA (1990) Geology and tectonic evolution of the Biga Peninsula. TAPG Bulletin 2(1):83–121 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Onusluel G, Harmancıoğlu N.B (2002) Natural disaster water resource: Flood. Turkey Engineering News 420–421-422: 131–132 (in Turkish)

  • Özcan O, Musaoğlu N, Seker DZ (2009) Assessment of inundation areas using GIS and remotely sensed data and risk management; Sakarya Basin. Turkey chamber of architects, engineers union of Map and Cadastre Engineers 12. Scientific and Technical Map of Turkey, Ankara (in Turkish)

  • Özşahin E, Kaymaz ÇK (2013) A sample of flood risk assessment: floods in the Amik Valley. Turkish studies-International periodical for the languages, literature and history of Turkish or Turkic, Volume: 8/8, pp 2021–2039 (in Turkish)

  • Öztürk B, Erginal E (2001) Geomorphology of Saricay basin. Turkish Geographical Review 36:49–86 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Porat N, Amit R, Zilberman E, Enzel Y (1997) Luminescence dating of fault related alluvial fan sediments in the southern Arava Valley, Israel. Quaternary Science Reviews (Quaternary Geochronology) 16:397–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pourghasemi HR, Padhan B, Gokceoglu C (2012) Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran. Nat Hazards 63:965–996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan B (2009) Flood susceptible mapping and risk area delineation using logistic regression, GIS and remote sensing. J Spat Hydrol 9(2):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan B, Youssef AM (2011) A 100-year maximum flood susceptibility mapping using integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic models: Kelantan River corridor, Malaysia. J Flood Risk Manage 4:189–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan B, Hagemann U, Shafapour Tehrany M, Prechtel N (2014) An easy to use ArcMap based texture analysis program for extraction of flooded areas from TerraSAR-X satellite image. Comput Geosci 63:34–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmati O, Samani AN, Mahdavi M, Pourghasemi HR, Zeinivand H (2015) Groundwater potential mapping at Kurdistan region of Iran using analytic hierarchy process and GIS. Arab J Geosci 8:7059–7071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmati O, Pourghasemi HR, Zeinivand H (2016a) Flood susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence models in the Golastan Province Iran. Geocarto Int 31(1):42–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmati O, Haghizadeh A, Stefanidis S (2016b) Assessing the accuracy of GIS-based analytical hierarchy process for watershed prioritization; Gorganrood river basin, Iran. Water Resour Manag 30:1131–1150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmati O, Zeinivand H, Besharat B (2016c) Flood hazard zoning in Yasooj region, Iran, using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis. Geomat Nat Haz Risk 7(3):1000–1017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Razandi Y, Pourghasemi HR, Neisani NS, Rahmati O (2015) Application of analytical hierarchy process, frequency ratio, and certainty factor models for groundwater potential mapping using GIS. Earth Sci Inform 8:867–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakınç M, Yaltırak C, Ulgen UB, Toraman E (2001) Age of concept Gology and dating in the Quaternary. Turkey Queternary Workshop, Institute of Earth Sciences Avrasya İstanbul, pp 13–23 (in Turkish)

  • Selçuk L, Selçuk AS, Kasapoğlu D (2016) Urban flood susceptibility assessment of central districts of Van Province, Turkey, using geographic information system (GIS)-based multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Bulletin for Earth Sciences 37(1):1–18 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Şener Ş, Şener E, Nas B, Karagüzel R (2010) Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: a case study in the Lake Beyşehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey). Waste Manag 30:2037–2046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siyako M, Bürkan K, Okay AI (1989) Tertiary geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Biga and Gelibolu Peninsulas. TAPG Bulletin 1:183–199 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunkar M, Avcı V (2015) Erosion susceptibility analysis of Hasret Mountain (Elazığ) using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Geographical Sciences Jurnal 13(1):17–40 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunkar M, Avcı V (2016) Landslide susceptibility analysis for Şepker stream lower basin (west of Adıyaman). J Int Soc Sci 26(2):13–43 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunkar M, Tonbul S (2010) Risk analyses of flood and torrent events for the basin of Iluh Creek (Batman). NWSA: Nature Sciences 5(4):255–273 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tecim V (2008) Geographical information systems, map based information management. Ankara, 363 p (in Turkish)

  • Tehrany MS, Pradhan B, Jebur MN (2014a) Flood susceptibility mapping using a novel ensemble weights-of-evidence and support vector machine models in GIS. J Hydrol 512:332–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tehrany MS, Lee MJ, Pradhan B, Jebur MN, Lee S (2014b) Flood susceptibility mapping using integrated bivariate and multivariate statistical models. Environ Earth Sci 72:4001–4015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tehrany MS, Pradhan B, Mansor S, Ahmad N (2015) Flood susceptibility assessment using GIS-based support vector machine model with different kernel types. Catena 125:91–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiryaki M (2014) Paleoflood analysis in Saricay (Çanakkale) and flood areas with geographic information systems (GIS). Thesis of master, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, graduate School of Natural andApplied sciences, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Tonbul S, Sunkar M (2010) Paleoflood research methods and paleofood research in Batman. National Geomorphology Symposium, Afyon, pp. 28–37 (in Turkish)

  • Turoğlu H, Dölek I (2011) Floods and their likely impacts on ecological environment in Bolaman River basin (Ordu, Turkey). RJAS 43(4):167–173

  • Uddin K, Gurung DR, Giriraj A, Shrestha B (2013) Application of remote sensing and GIS for flood hazard management: a case study from Sindh province, Pakistan. Am J Geogr Inf Syst 2(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajgis.20130201.01

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nation Development Programme-UNDP (2004) Reducing disaster risk: a challenge for Development. United Nations Development Programme, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, New York 146 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Uşkay S, Aksu S (2002) Floods in our country, reasons, damages and take to precautions. Engineering News of Turkey, pp 133–136 (in Turkish)

  • Yalcin A (2008) GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process and bivariate statistics in Ardesen (Turkey): comparisons of results and confirmations. Catena 72:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanchou L, Prescott JR, Hua Z, Jie C, Lanying W (2002) Optical dating of colluvial deposits from Xiyangfang, China, and the relation to palaeo-earthquake events. Quat Sci Rev 21:1087–1097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang XL, Ding JH, Hou H (2013) Application of a triangular fuzzy AHP approach for flood risk evaluation and response measures analysis. Nat Hazards 68:657–674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yüksel A, Avcı V (2015) Erosion sensitivity analysis of Yamac watershed (Bingöl) using geographical information system and remote sensing. JAFAG 32(2):116–128 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Huang CC, Pang J, Zha X, Zhou Y, Gu H (2013) Holocene paleofloods related to climatic events in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River valley, middle Yangtze River basin, China. Geomorphology 195:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zou Q, Zhou J, Zhou C, Song L, Guo J (2013) Comprehensive flood risk assessment based on set pair analysis variable fuzzy sets model and fuzzy AHP. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 27:525–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was produced from a master thesis with the title ‘Paleoflood Analysis in Saricay (Çanakkale) and Flood Areas with Geographic Information Systems (GIS)’, and it was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Coordination Unit with project no. 2012/046. We thank Prof. Dr. Mustafa BOZCU for contributions of knowledge and experience from the beginning to the end of this study. The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the previous version of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reconstruction and Urbanization Directorate, Corlu City Hall, 59850, Tekirdağ, Turkey

    Mine Tiryaki

  2. Department of Geological Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey

    Oznur Karaca

Authors
  1. Mine Tiryaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Oznur Karaca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oznur Karaca.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tiryaki, M., Karaca, O. Flood susceptibility mapping using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis: Saricay-Çanakkale (Turkey). Arab J Geosci 11, 364 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3675-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3675-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation