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Serial decoupling of bolts in coal mine roadway supports

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Abstract

Bolt supports within stratified strata in coal mines contribute to the unique characteristics of low-buried engineering structures such as tunnels or subways. Failure at the bolt interface is the main trigger of support failure in such settings. This paper comprehensively investigates the serial decoupling mechanism at a resin–rock interface, which is a process that occurs frequently in stratified strata. There are, however, different evolutionary processes that exist at the interface, from a total bonding stage to a plastic bonding stage, a slippage plastic bonding stage, a slippage plastic stage and a total slippage stage, sequentially. These processes accelerate the shortening speed of anchor life, whereupon axial force will fluctuate at each stage and corresponding equations can be derived successfully. Finally, a long-term field monitoring test which verifies the theoretical results and effective measures, such as pregrouting, can be used to prevent serial decoupling. The service life of the bolt system also can be prolonged.

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Notes

  1. WRR, weak reinforced region.

Abbreviations

C 0, C 1, C 2 :

Constant coefficients

(0, l s):

Decoupling section along the interface

(l s, l p):

Plastic section along the interface

(l p, l):

Full-bonding section along the interface

l :

Total length of bolt–resin interface

d :

Diameter of borehole

d 0 :

Influence diameter around the bolt

r b, d b :

Radius and diameter of bolt

r 0 :

Distance from dead centre to wall of the roadway

k :

Coefficient of rock resistance

K :

Deformation coefficient of interface

E r :

Young’s modulus of rock mass

E c :

Composite Young’s modulus of bolt–resin system (BRS)

E b, E re :

Young’s modulus of bolt (b) and resin (re)

G r, G re :

Shear modulus of rock mass and resin

Dx, dt :

Elementary length of two separated tiny slices taken from bolting system

du c :

Deformation of rock mass because of bolting specific to tiny slice

du :

Free deformation of rock mass without bolting as to tiny slice

dΔu :

Reduced deformation of rock mass due to compressive stress increment

A :

Cross-section area of BRS

S :

Influence area around rock mass due to bolting

P :

Original pretightening force of bolt

P 0 :

Total axial force of BRS as the first plastic section appears

P x0 :

Total axial force of BRS at x as the first plastic section appears

P 1 :

Total axial force of BRS as the first decoupling appears

P x1 :

Total axial force of BRS at x as the first decoupling appears

P 2 :

Total axial force of BRS as the second decoupling appears

P x2 :

Total axial force of BRS at x as the second decoupling appears

P n :

Total axial force of BRS as the nth decoupling appears

P xn :

Total axial force of BRS at x as the nth decoupling appears

P s :

Total axial force of BRS for the full slippage plastic stage

P xs :

Total axial force of BRS at x for the full slippage plastic stage

P t :

Total axial force of BRS with only slippage section existing

τ b :

Ultimate shear stress of bolt–resin interface

τ r :

Ultimate shear stress of resin–rock interface

τ s :

Shear stress at slippage interface

ν r, ν re :

Poisson’s ratio of rock mass and resin

τ(x):

Shear stress at x along the resin–rock interface

φ :

Internal friction angle of resin

τ 0 :

Bonding shear stress at origin

σ :

Axial stress of the bolt at loading point

α :

A constant decided by G r , G re , E b , d, d 0 and d b

τ t , τ x :

Shear stress of interface at t and x

τ x t :

Shear stress of resin–rock interface triggered by τ t at x provided that τ t is bigger than τ x

τ rx :

Total shear stress of resin–rock interface at x

σ c(t):

Axial stress of interface at t

σ c(x):

Axial stress of interface at x

Δσ :

Compressive stress increment in the rock mass, induced by bolting

εc :

Composite strain of BRS

εr :

Strain of rock mass

τ c1(x):

Shear stress of resin–rock interface at x caused by rock’s deformation

τ c2(x):

Shear stress of resin–rock interface at x caused by the pull-out force in the BRS ranging from r 0 to x

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this paper from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51104152) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2011QNB02) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the engineering participants in the research project for the installation of bolts and the collection of data underground, their hard work was laudable. In particular, the assistance and suggestions of Dr. Saif ur Rehman and Masters Suresh Sanda, Moshoeshoe Emmanuel Nkuebe in reviewing this paper are particularly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mines, Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Xigui Zheng, Xiaowei Feng, Nong Zhang & Jinbo Hua

  2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Safe Mining Techniques of Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China

    Nong Zhang

  3. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Lianyuan Gong

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  1. Xigui Zheng
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  2. Xiaowei Feng
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  4. Lianyuan Gong
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Correspondence to Xiaowei Feng.

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Zheng, X., Feng, X., Zhang, N. et al. Serial decoupling of bolts in coal mine roadway supports. Arab J Geosci 8, 6709–6722 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1697-z

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