Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

70 jaar onderzoek naar echolokalisatie: welke lessen zijn er te leren voor de praktijk?

  • Artikel
  • Published:
Neuropraxis

Samenvatting

Echolokalisatie is een techniek die kan bijdragen aan een betere oriëntatie en mobiliteit voor mensen met een visuele beperking. Door geluiden te maken en te luisteren naar dit geluid en de echo die terugkomt, kan informatie worden verkregen over meerdere aspecten van een voorwerp. Er bestaan geen systematische trainingen om echolokalisatie te leren. Voor het ontwikkelen van een systematische training is het van belang een beeld te krijgen van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek dat is gedaan naar echolokalisatie. In dit review geven we een samenvatting van dit onderzoek. We bespreken de verschillen tussen blinde, slechtziende en ziende mensen in het vermogen om te echolokaliseren en de mogelijke redenen voor deze verschillen. Daarnaast gaan we dieper in op de mogelijkheid om echolokalisatie aan te leren en het belang van het gehoor en het gebruikte geluidssignaal. We sluiten af met lessen voor de praktijk en aanbevelingen voor toekomstig wetenschappelijk onderzoek.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatuur

  1. Ammons, C. H., Worchel, P., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1953). "Facial vision:" The perception of obstacles out of doors by blindfolded and blindfolded-deafened subjects. American Journal of Psychology, 66(4), 519-553. doi: 10.2307/1418950

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arias, C., Bermejo, F., Hüg, M. X., Venturelli, N., Rabinovich, D., & Ortiz Skarp, A. (2012). Echolocation: an action-perception phenomenon. New Zealand Acoustics, 25(2), 20-27

    Google Scholar 

  3. Arias, C., Curet, C. A., Moyano, H. F., Jockes, S., & Blanch, N. (1993). Echolocation: A study of auditory functioning in blind and sighted subjects. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 87(3), 73-77

    Google Scholar 

  4. Arnott, S. R., Thaler, L., Milne, J. L., Kish, D., & Goodale, M. A. (2013). Shape-specific activation of occipital cortex in an early blind echolocation expert. Neuropsychologia, 51(5), 938-949. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ashmead, D. H., Hill, E. W., & Talor, C. R. (1989). Obstacle perception by congenitally blind children. Perception & Psychophysics, 46(5), 425-433. doi: 10.3758/bf03210857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ashmead, D. H., & Wall, R. S. (1999). Auditory perception of walls via spectral variations in the ambient sound field. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36(4), 313-322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ashmead, D. H., Wall, R. S., Eaton, S. B., Ebinger, K. A., Snook-Hill, M. M., Guth, D. A., & Yang, X. (1998). Echolocation reconsidered: Using spatial variations in the ambient sound field to guide locomotion. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 92(9), 615-632

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bassett, I. G., & Eastmond, E. J. (1964). Echolocation - Measurement of pitch versus distance for sounds reflected from flat surface. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 36(5), 911-916. doi: 10.1121/1.1919117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Boehm, R. (1986). The use of echolocation as a mobility aid for blind persons. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 80(9), 953-954

    Google Scholar 

  10. Burton, G. (2000). The role of the sound of tapping for nonvisual judgment of gap crossability. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 26(3), 900-916

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Carlson-Smith, C., & Wiener, W. R. (1996). The auditory skills necessary for echolocation: A new explanation. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 90(1), 21-35

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cotzin, M., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1950). "Facial vision:" The role of pitch and loudness in the perception of obstacles by the blind. American Journal of Psychology, 63(4), 485-515. doi: 10.2307/1418868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Despres, O., Candas, V., & Dufour, A. (2005). Auditory compensation in myopic humans: Involvement of binaural, monaural, or echo cues? Brain Research, 1041(1), 56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dufour, A., Despres, O., & Candas, V. (2005). Enhanced sensitivity to echo cues in blind subjects. Experimental Brain Research, 165(4), 515-519. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2329-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hausfeld, S., Power, R. P., Gorta, A., & Harris, P. (1982). Echo perception of shape and texture by sighted subjects Perceptual and Motor Skills, 55(2), 623-632

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Juurmaa, J., Suonio, K., & Moilanen, A. (1968). The effect of training in the perception of obstacles without vision. Reports from the institute of occupational health, 55

  17. Kellogg, W. N. (1962). Sonar system of blind. Science, 137(3528), 399-404. doi: 10.1126/science.137.3528.399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kolarik, A. J., Cirstea, S., & Pardhan, S. (2013). Evidence for enhanced discrimination of virtual auditory distance among blind listeners using level and direct-to-reverberant cues. Experimental Brain Research, 224(4), 623-633. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3340-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kolarik, A. J., Cirstea, S., Pardhan, S., & Moore, B. C. (2014). A summary of research investigating echolocation abilities of blind and sighted humans. Hearing Research, 10(310), 60-68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Limburg, H. (2007). Epidemiologie van visuele beperkingen en een demografische verkenning

  21. Merabet, L. B., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2010). Neural reorganization following sensory loss: the opportunity of change. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(1), 44-52. doi: 10.1038/nrn2758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Miura, T., Muraoka, T., & Ifukube, T. (2010). Comparison of obstascle sense ability between the blind and the sighted: A basic psychophysical study for designs of acoustic assistive devices. Acoustical Science and Technology, 31(2)

  23. Occelli, V., Spence, C., & Zampini, M. (2013). Auditory, Tactile, and Audiotactile Information Processing Following Visual Deprivation. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 189-212. doi: 10.1037/a0028416

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Papadopoulos, T., Edwards, D. S., Rowan, D., & Allen, R. (2011). Identification of auditory cues utilized in human echolocation-Objective measurement results. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 6(3), 280-290. doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2011.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rice, C. E. (1967). Human echo perception. Science, 155(3763), 656-664. doi: 10.1126/science.155.3763.656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rice, C. E. (1969). Perceptual enhancement in the early blind? The Psychological Record, 19, 1-14

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rice, C. E., & Feinstein, S. H. (1965). Sonar system of blind - Size discrimination. Science, 148(3673), 1107-1108. doi: 10.1126/science.148.3673.1107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rojas, J. A. M., Hermosilla, J. A., Montero, R. S., & Espí, P. L. L. (2009). Physical Analysis of Several Organic Signals for Human Echolocation: Oral Vacuum Pulses. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 95(2), 325-330. doi: 10.3813/aaa.918155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Rojas, J. A. M., Hermosilla, J. A., Montero, R. S., & Espí, P. L. L. (2010). Physical Analysis of Several Organic Signals for Human Echolocation: Hand and Finger Produced Pulses. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 96(6), 1069-1077. doi: 10.3813/aaa.918368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rowan, D., Papadopoulos, T., Edwards, D., Holmes, H., Hollingdale, A., Evans, L., & Allen, R. (2013). Identification of the lateral position of a virtual object based on echoes by humans. Hearing Research, 300, 56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.03.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Schenkman, B. N., & Jansson, G. (1986). The detection and localization of objects by the blind with the aid of long-cane tapping sounds Human Factors, 28(5), 607-618

    Google Scholar 

  32. Schenkman, B. N., & Nilsson, M. E. (2010). Human echolocation: Blind and sighted persons' ability to detect sounds recorded in the presence of a reflecting object. Perception, 39(4), 483-501. doi: 10.1068/p6473

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Schenkman, B. N., & Nilsson, M. E. (2011). Human echolocation: Pitch versus loudness information. Perception, 40(7), 840-852. doi: 10.1068/p6898

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Soong, G. P., Lovie-Kitchin, J. E., & Brown, B. (2001). Does mobility performance of visually impaired adults improve immediately after orientation and mobility training? Optometry and Vision Science, 78(9), 657-666. doi: 10.1097/00006324-200109000-00011

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Strelow, E. R., & Brabyn, J. A. (1982). Locomotion of the blind controlled by natural sound cues. Perception, 11(6), 635-640. doi: 10.1068/p110635

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Supa, M., Cotzin, M., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1944). "Facial vision:" The perception of obstacles by the blind. The American Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 133-183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Teng, S., Puri, A., & Whitney, D. (2012). Ultrafine spatial acuity of blind expert human echolocators. Experimental Brain Research, 216(4), 483-488. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2951-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Teng, S., & Whitney, D. (2011). The Acuity of Echolocation: Spatial Resolution in Sighted Persons Compared to the Performance of an Expert Who Is Blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 105(1), 20-32

    Google Scholar 

  39. Thaler, L. (2013). Echolocation may have real-life advantages for blind people: an analysis of survey data. Frontiers in integrative physiology, 4(98)

  40. Thaler, L., Arnott, S. R., & Goodale, M. A. (2011). Neural Correlates of Natural Human Echolocation in Early and Late Blind Echolocation Experts. Plos One, 6(5). doi: e2016210.1371/journal.pone.0020162

  41. Thaler, L., Milne, J. L., Arnott, S. R., Kish, D., & Goodale, M. A. (2014). Neural correlates of motion processing through echolocation, source hearing, and vision in blind echolocation experts and sighted echolocation novices. Journal of Neurophysiology, 111(1), 112-127. doi: 10.1152/jn.00501.2013

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Thaler, L., Wilson, R. C., & Gee, B. K. (2014). Correlation between vividness of visual imagery and echolocation ability in sighted, echo-naïve people. Experimental Brain Research, (in press). doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3883-3

  43. Twersky, V. (1951). On the physical basis of the perception of obstacles by the blind. American Journal of Psychology, 64(3), 409-416. doi: 10.2307/1419004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Vetter, P., Smith, F. W., & Muckli, L. (2014). Decoding Sound and Imagery Content in Early Visual Cortex. Current Biology, 24(11), 1256-1262. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.020

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Voss, P., & Zatorre, R. J. (2012). Organization and Reorganization of Sensory-Deprived Cortex. Current Biology, 22(5), R168-R173. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.030

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wallmeier, L., Geßele, N., & Wiegrebe, L. (2013). Echolocation versus echo suppression in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280

  47. Wan, C. Y., Wood, A. G., Reutens, D. C., & Wilson, S. J. (2010). Early but not late-blindness leads to enhanced auditory perception. Neuropsychologia, 48, 344-348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Worchel, P., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1947). "Facial Vision:" Perception of Obstacles by the Deaf-Blind. The American Journal of Psychology, 60(4), 502-553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Worchel, P., & Mauney, J. (1951). The effect of practice on the perception of obstacles by the blind. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41, 170-176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Worchel, P., Mauney, J., & Andrew, J. G. (1950). The perception of obstacles by the blind. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40(6), 746-751. doi: 10.1037/h0060950

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Nederland

    Marina R. Ekkel & Bert Steenbergen

  2. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Nederland

    Rob van Lier

Authors
  1. Marina R. Ekkel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rob van Lier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bert Steenbergen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marina R. Ekkel.

Online aanvullend materiaal

Hierachter staat de link naar het online aanvullend materiaal.

ESM 1

(PDF 383 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ekkel, M.R., van Lier, R. & Steenbergen, B. 70 jaar onderzoek naar echolokalisatie: welke lessen zijn er te leren voor de praktijk?. Neuroprax 18, 162–172 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-014-0060-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-014-0060-1

Trefwoorden

Search

Navigation