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Populations of Asarum mandshuricum are Strongly Differentiated Despite a High Outcrossing Rate

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Abstract

Asarum mandshuricum is a perennial herb that inhabits the herb layer of a forest. This species has life-history traits and distribution patterns that could negatively affect genetic diversity such as small population size, sparse distribution of populations, self-compatible flower, and short seed dispersal distance. Due to these traits, there are concerns about genetic drift and fragmentation by restricted gene flow, thus decreasing the fitness of the population. To identify genetic structures of A. mandshuricum and suggest main factors that determine its genetic structures, outcrossing rate and inhabitation pattern were investigated. Population size of this species was very small (15.2 individuals). Its outcrossing rate was high (tm: 0.980). Genetic diversity of population was also high (h: 0.275, I: 0.421). Its cross-pollination rate, rather than distribution traits such as population size and insufficient connectivity among populations, was the main factor in determining genetic diversity. Despite high outcrossing rate, populations of A. mandshuricum were strongly differentiated (Gst: 0.492). Inhabitation with a limited gene flow through generation in the same place might have caused A. mandshuricum populations to have differentiated genetic structure. To preserve its populations and maintain genetic diversity, conservative efforts such as retaining population size and establishing connections between subpopulations are needed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Yu Seong Choi, So Ho Kim and Hyun Jun Park for performing field work and soil analysis. This research was supported by a grant (NRF-2021R1I1A2041895) of the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education and by the Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE) as part of the 'Wetland Ecosystem Value Evaluation and Carbon Absorption Value Promotion Technology Development Project'.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Hyeon Jin Jeong & Jae Geun Kim

  2. Center for Education Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Jae Geun Kim

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  1. Hyeon Jin Jeong
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  2. Jae Geun Kim
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JHJ designed the study, collected the data, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript draft. JGK conceived, designed, and supervised the study, revised the manuscript, and secured research funding. All authors agreed on contents of the paper. All authors have no conflicting interests relevant to this study to disclose.

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Correspondence to Jae Geun Kim.

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Jeong, H.J., Kim, J.G. Populations of Asarum mandshuricum are Strongly Differentiated Despite a High Outcrossing Rate. J. Plant Biol. 65, 241–251 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-022-09349-2

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