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Waterfalls as Geological Value for Geotourism: the Case of Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park

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Abstract

Studies of the variables that make waterfalls an undoubted attraction for geotourism remain relatively rare. Through surveys in Parque Nacional de Ordesa and Monte Perdido (Spain), we analyze some of the most important variables of waterfalls, such as morphological characteristics, discharge, or esthetic aspects, including scenery. Statistical analysis reveals differences in the perception of attractiveness between seasons of the year. Spring seems to produce the best effect. Changes in perception affect most of the variables studied. However, there are complex relationships between seasons of the year and the variables studied. Slight changes in discharge lead to a positive perception by geotourists of morphological and esthetic variables, although these variables are apparently disconnected. The correlation between scenery and waterfall beauty is significant, at a 0.05 p value, but despite this, geotourists do not choose any specific environment as the best location for a waterfall. Surprisingly, an urban environment can become an ideal place, at the same level as a different but wilder one. The geological characteristics that encompass a waterfall are another strong and important point in the preferences of the visitor. The abundant scientific-geological information about waterfalls and their surroundings could be used as an informative complement to improve the quality of visits. Geotourists already demand this information. An adequate waterfall classification, the use of genetic aspects, and the processes involved in a specific waterfall feature could be of interest in interpretative signs or brochures. The findings of our study could be used in management strategies as new designs for viewing points, trail access, location of interpretative boards, and educational programs.

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Acknowledgements

We thank to anonymous PNOMP visitors who kindly collaborate with the survey. This paper benefited from review comments by G. Garzón. We also thank to Ana Nieto for figure design in geological background section.

Funding

This work was supported by Geomateriales 2 programme (S2013/MIT-2914) and Top Heritage (P2018/NMT-4372) from the Regional Government of Madrid (Spain). Sobrarbe-Pirineos UNESCO Global Geopark funded the former research through project GEO. 3.2.1.3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    J. A. Ortega-Becerril & I. Polo

  2. Sobrarbe-Pirineos UNESCO Global Geopark, 22340, Boltaña, Huesca, Spain

    A. Belmonte

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  1. J. A. Ortega-Becerril
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  2. I. Polo
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  3. A. Belmonte
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Correspondence to J. A. Ortega-Becerril.

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Ortega-Becerril, J.A., Polo, I. & Belmonte, A. Waterfalls as Geological Value for Geotourism: the Case of Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park. Geoheritage 11, 1199–1219 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00366-1

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