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Benign Peripheral Non-cranial Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Neck

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Abstract

Benign peripheral non-cranial nerve sheath tumors are rare lesions, including both schwannomas and neurofibromas. These tumors arise from Schwann cells, and may originate from any peripheral, cranial, or autonomic nerve. Most of them are localized and sporadic but multifocal systemic forms can occur. Cervical sympathetic chain, brachial plexus, cervical plexus and spinal roots and nerves are the major nerve systems commonly affected. Dumbbell-shaped intra- and extradural tumors occur most commonly in the cervical spine, as well as purely extradural and paravertebral tumors. The management of these tumors has improved greatly owing to the developments in imaging techniques and surgical innovations such as endoscopically assisted approaches and robotic surgery. Microsurgical intracapsular excision of the tumor helped by the use of intraoperative fluorescent dyes and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring minimize postoperative neural deficit, since most schwannomas are encapsulated. Most tumors can be removed with a low rate of complications and recurrence. Radiotherapy should be considered for growing lesions that are not amenable to surgery. In asymptomatic patients, observation and serial scans is an option for elderly infirm patients.

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Acknowledgements

Funding

No funding or sponsorship was received for this study or publication of this manuscript.

Authorship

All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.

Author Contributions

Carlos Suárez performed the literature review and drafted the manuscript. Fernando López, Juan P Rodrigo, William M Mendenhall, Remco de Bree, Antti A Makitie and Vincent Vander Poorten were involved in manuscript preparation, concept and design and in critically revising it. Robert P Takes, Stefano Bondi, Luiz P Kowalski, Ashok R Shaha, Veronica Fernández-Alvarez, Julio C Gutiérrez, Nina Zidar, Carlos Chiesa-Estomba, Primoz Strojan, Alvaro Sanabria, Alessandra Rinaldo and Alfio Ferlito provided critical comments on drafts. All authors approved the final version.

Disclosures

Carlos Suárez, Fernando López, Juan P Rodrigo, William M Mendenhall, Remco de Bree, Antti A Makitie, Vincent Vander Poorten, Robert P Takes, Stefano Bondi, Luiz P Kowalski, Ashok R Shaha, Veronica Fernández-Alvarez, Julio C Gutiérrez, Nina Zidar, Carlos Chiesa-Estomba, Primoz Strojan, Alvaro Sanabria, Alessandra Rinaldo and Alfio Ferlito declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain

    Carlos Suárez, Fernando López & Juan P. Rodrigo

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, CIBERONC, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain

    Fernando López & Juan P. Rodrigo

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA

    William M. Mendenhall

  4. Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Remco de Bree

  5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

    Antti A. Mäkitie

  6. Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Vincent Vander Poorten

  7. Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Vincent Vander Poorten

  8. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Robert P. Takes

  9. Head and Neck Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy

    Stefano Bondi

  10. Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A C Camargo Cancer Center and University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luiz P. Kowalski

  11. Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Ashok R. Shaha

  12. Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain

    Veronica Fernández-Alvarez

  13. Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

    Julio C. Gutiérrez

  14. Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Nina Zidar

  15. Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain

    Carlos Chiesa-Estomba

  16. Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Primoz Strojan

  17. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia/Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, 050010, Medellín, Colombia

    Alvaro Sanabria

  18. CEXCA Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello, 050021, Medellín, Colombia

    Alvaro Sanabria

  19. University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy

    Alessandra Rinaldo

  20. Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy

    Alfio Ferlito

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  1. Carlos Suárez
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  2. Fernando López
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  3. Juan P. Rodrigo
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  4. William M. Mendenhall
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  5. Remco de Bree
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  6. Antti A. Mäkitie
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  7. Vincent Vander Poorten
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  8. Robert P. Takes
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  9. Stefano Bondi
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  10. Luiz P. Kowalski
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  11. Ashok R. Shaha
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  12. Veronica Fernández-Alvarez
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  13. Julio C. Gutiérrez
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Carlos Suárez or Fernando López.

Additional information

This article was written by members and invitees of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group (http://www.ihnsg.com).

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Suárez, C., López, F., Rodrigo, J.P. et al. Benign Peripheral Non-cranial Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Neck. Adv Ther 39, 3449–3471 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-022-02191-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-022-02191-5

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