References
Maas R, van Gaalen J, Klockgether T, van de Warrenburg B. The preclinical stage of spinocerebellar ataxias. Neurology. 2015;85:96–103.
Velázquez-Pérez L, Rodríguez-Labrada R, Cruz-Rivas EM, et al. Comprehensive study of early features in spinocerebellar ataxia 2: delineating the prodromal stage of the disease. Cerebellum. 2014;13(5):568–79.
Velázquez-Pérez L, Rodríguez-Labrada R, Canales-Ochoa N, et al. Progression of early features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in individuals at risk: a longitudinal study. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(5):482–9.
Globas C, du Montcel ST, Baliko L, et al. Early symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, 2, 3, and 6. Mov Disord. 2008;23(15):2232–8.
Schmitz-Hubsch T et al. Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale. Neurology. 2006;66:1717–20.
Imbert G, Saudou F, Yvert G, et al. Cloning of the gene for spinocerebellar ataxia 2 reveals a locus with high sensitivity to expanded CAG/glutamine repeats. Nat Genet. 1996;14(3):285–91.
Pulst SM, Nechiporuk A, Nechiporuk T, Gispert S, Chen XN, Lopes-Cendes I, et al. Moderate expansion of a normally biallelic trinucleotide repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Nat Genet. 1996;14:269–76.
Inagaki A, Iida A, Matsubara M, Inagaki H. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: a study of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12(9):725–8.
Morton SM, Bastian AJ. Cerebellar control of balance and locomotion. Neuroscientist. 2004;10(3):247–59.
Loffe ME. Cerebellar control of posture. Cerebellar control of posture. Handbook of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders; 2013. p. 1221–1240.
Smeets CJ, Verbeek DS. Climbing fibers in spinocerebellar ataxia: a mechanism for the loss of motor control. Neurobiol Dis. 2016;88:96–106.
Ruegsegger C, Stucki DM, Steiner S, Angliker N, Radecke J, Keller E, et al. Impaired mTORC1-dependent expression of homer-3 influences SCA1 pathophysiology. Neuron. 2016;89(1):129–46.
Buttner N, Geschwind D, Jen JC, Perlman S, Pulst SM, Baloh RW. Oculomotor phenotypes in autosomal dominant ataxias. Arch Neurol. 1998;55(10):1353–7.
Velázquez-Pérez L, Seifried C, Abele M, Wirjatijasa F, et al. Saccade velocity is reduced in presymptomatic spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;120(3):632–5.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to SCA2 preclinical carriers and the control individuals, to the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, and to TECE Entreprice for its technical support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Velázquez-Pérez, L., Sánchez-Cruz, G., Rodríguez-Labrada, R. et al. Postural Instability in Prodromal Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2: Insights into Cerebellar Involvement Before Onset of Permanent Ataxia. Cerebellum 16, 279–281 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-016-0771-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-016-0771-3