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Impact of salicylic acid on the growth and physiological activities of parsley plants under lead toxicity

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Abstract

Impact of spraying 50 µM salicylic acid (SA), lead nitrate soil treatments [1 and 2 mM Pb (NO3)2] and their combinations on parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) for 3 weeks was studied to evaluate leaf symptoms, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, ultrastructure, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble proteins, phenolic compounds, and guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPOX). Under Pb effect, parsley leaves showed chlorosis and decline in the content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoid (Car) with increasing Pb treatments compared to the control. SA spraying helped to reduce chlorosis and increase photosynthetic pigments of Pb-treated plants compared to that of Pb treatment alone. Leaf anthocyanin content of SA-sprayed plants significantly increased compared to the control. On contrast, the anthocyanin content of Pb-treated plants with or without SA treatment decreased compared to the control. Parsley leaf chloroplasts were characterized by many and large starch grains. Deformations of chloroplast shape, increasing formation of plastoglobules and degeneration of chloroplast grana thylakoids were observed in Pb-treated plants. MDA and total phenolic compound contents increased in Pb-treated plants compared to the control. In contrast, soluble protein content decreased in Pb-treated plants. The decrease in leaf photosynthetic pigments and increase MDA contents was Pb-concentration dependent. The results as indicated by increasing lipid peroxidation confirmed Pb treatments generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) which caused oxidative stress. In contrast, SA application declined the extent of detrimental and harmful influence of Pb toxicity as indicated by the decrease MDA content, and increase in photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents of parsley leaves.

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Abbreviations

Car:

Carotenoids

Chl:

Chlorophyll

FW:

Fresh weight

GPOX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

Pb:

Lead

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance

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Acknowledgements

The research was financially supported by Taif University (Project number: 1-438-5902), Taif University, Saudi Arabia.

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  1. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Hasan Alamer

  2. Biology Department, Science and Arts College–Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Hasan Alamer

  3. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag, Sohag, Egypt

    Khalaf Ali Fayez

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Alamer, K.H., Fayez, K.A. Impact of salicylic acid on the growth and physiological activities of parsley plants under lead toxicity. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 1361–1373 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00830-1

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