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CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing of drought and salt tolerance (OsDST) gene in indica mega rice cultivar MTU1010

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Abstract

Development of abiotic stress tolerant rice cultivars is necessary for sustainable rice production under the scenario of global climate change, dwindling fresh water resources and increase in salt affected areas. Several genes from rice have been functionally validated by using EMS mutants and transgenics. Often, many of these desirable alleles are not available indica rice which is mainly cultivated, and where available, introgression of these alleles into elite cultivars is a time and labour intensive process, in addition to the potential introgression of non-desirable genes due to linkage. CRISPR-Cas technology helps development of elite cultivars with desirable alleles by precision gene editing. Hence, this study was carried out to create mutant alleles of drought and salt tolerance (DST) gene by using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in indica rice cv. MTU1010. We used two different gRNAs to target regions of DST protein that might be involved in protein–protein interaction and successfully generated different mutant alleles of DST gene. We selected homozygous dst mutant with 366 bp deletion between the two gRNAs for phenotypic analysis. This 366 bp deletion led to the deletion of amino acid residues from 184 to 305 in frame, and hence the mutant was named as dst∆184–305. The dst∆184–305 mutation induced by CRISPR-Cas9 method in DST gene in indica rice cv. MTU1010 phenocopied EMS-induced dst (N69D) mutation reported earlier in japonica cultivar. The dst∆184–305 mutant produced leaves with broader width and reduced stomatal density, and thus enhanced leaf water retention under dehydration stress. Our study showed that the reduction in stomatal density in loss of function mutants of dst is, at least, in part due to downregulation of stomatal developmental genes SPCH1, MUTE and ICE1. The Cas9-free dst∆184–305 mutant exhibited moderate level tolerance to osmotic stress and high level of salt stress in seedling stage. Thus, dst mutant alleles generated in this study will be useful for improving drought and salt tolerance and grain yield in indica rice cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Agricultural Science Fund, New Delhi, Grant No. NASF/CRISPR-Cas-7003/2018-19, and ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Grant No. CRSCIARISIL20144047279.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    V. V. Santosh Kumar, Rakesh Kumar Verma, Shashank Kumar Yadav, Pragya Yadav, Archana Watts & Viswanathan Chinnusamy

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, Bhartidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. V. Rao

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  1. V. V. Santosh Kumar
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  2. Rakesh Kumar Verma
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  3. Shashank Kumar Yadav
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  5. Archana Watts
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  6. M. V. Rao
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  7. Viswanathan Chinnusamy
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Contributions

SKVV prepared gene constructs, optimized callus induction, transformation and developed GEd plants; PY and AW developed GE plants. RKV and SKV did molecular analysis of transgenic plants. SKVV and MVR wrote the manuscript. VC designed the experiments, helped in data analysis and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Viswanathan Chinnusamy.

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Santosh Kumar, V.V., Verma, R.K., Yadav, S.K. et al. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing of drought and salt tolerance (OsDST) gene in indica mega rice cultivar MTU1010. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 1099–1110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00819-w

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