Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Beneficial Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status in the Kidneys of Type 1 Diabetic Rats

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the most important complications of diabetes is nephropathy. This study investigates the effects of aqueous garlic extract on inflammation and oxidative stress status in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into four groups- control rats, diabetic rats, garlic extract-treated diabetic rats, garlic extract-treated normal rats. The glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were measured in sera using colorimetric methods. To determine the oxidative stress condition in the kidney tissues, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured using colorimetric methods. Inflammation status was evaluated by the determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene and protein expression using qRT-PCR and ELISA respectively, while nitric oxide (NO) level in these tissues was measured using the Griess method. Histological examination of Kidneys was carried out by H&E staining. The levels of glucose, urea, and uric acid were found to increase in the serum of diabetic rats and decrease in that of diabetic rats after treatment with garlic. Measurement of MDA, TOS, and TAC revealed oxidative stress in diabetic rats, which improved after receiving the extract. The NO and TNF-α protein levels in diabetic rats were higher than those in control rats. After treatment with garlic, the levels of TNF-α protein and NO became close to the normal levels. Histological results confirmed certain other data as well. Garlic has antioxidant properties; therefore, it can reduce oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Reduction in oxidative stress has beneficial effects on inflammation because it leads to a decrease in the level of TNF-α.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sivakumar S, Palsamy P, Subramanian SP. Impact of D-pinitol on the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and protection of kidney tissue ultrastructure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;188(1):237–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P. S-allylcysteine improves streptozotocin-induced alterations of blood glucose, liver cytochrome P450 2E1, plasma antioxidant system, and adipocytes hormones in diabetic rats. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11(4):e10927.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Ingaramo PI, Ronco MT, Frances DE, Monti JA, Pisani GB, Ceballos MP, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha pathways develops liver apoptosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mol Immunol. 2011;48(12–13):1397–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Nasiri A, Ziamajidi N, Behrouj H, Abbasalipourkabir R, Dehghan A. The effects of aqueous extract of chicory root on steatosis, lipid profile and liver damage enzyme markers in tamoxifen-treated rats. Mol Biochem Diagn J. 2014;1(3):185–94.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Behrouj H, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R, Nasiri A, Solemani Asl S. Therapeutic effect of silybum marianum plant extract on tamoxifen-induced fatty liver in rats. Avicenna J Med Biochem. 2015;3(1):e27160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chauhan P, Mahajan S, Kulshrestha A, Shrivastava S, Sharma B, Goswamy HM, Prasad GB. Bougainvillea spectabilis exhibits antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities in experimental diabetes. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2016;21(3):177–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jaiswal D, Rai PK, Mehta S, Chatterji S, Shukla S, Rai DK, et al. Role of Moringa oleifera in regulation of diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2013;6(6):426–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Rai PK, Jaiswal D, Mehta S, Rai DK, Sharma B, Watal G. Effect of Curcuma longa freeze dried rhizome powder with milk in STZ induced diabetic rats. Indian. J Clin Biochem. 2010;25(2):175–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rai PK, Jaiswal D, Rai DK, Sharma B, Watal G. Antioxidant potential of oral feeding of Cynodon dactylon extract on diabetes induced oxidative stress. J Food Biochem. 2010;34(1):78–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rai PK, Jaiswal D, Rai DK, Sharma B, Watal G. Effect of water extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2008;23(4):387–90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Singh VK, Singh DK. Pharmacological effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Annu Rev Biomed Sci. 2008;10:6–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, El-Naga NI. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(1):57–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95(2):351–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem. 2005;38(12):1103–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Benzie IF, Strain J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem. 1996;239(1):70–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA. A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide. 2001;5(1):62–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rezagholizadeh L, Pourfarjam Y, Nowrouzi A, Nakhjavani M, Meysamie A, Ziamajidi N, et al. Effect of Cichorium intybus L. on the expression of hepatic NF-κB and IKKβ and serum TNF-α in STZ− and STZ+ niacinamide-induced diabetes in rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2016;8(1):1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ziamajidi N, Khaghani S, Hassanzadeh G, Vardasbi S, Ahmadian S, Nowrouzi A, et al. Amelioration by chicory seed extract of diabetes- and oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via modulation of PPARalpha and SREBP-1. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;58:198–209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Barik R. Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garuga pinnata Roxb. in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-II diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107(2):285–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Watal G, Dhar P, Srivastava SK, Sharma B. Herbal medicine as an alternative medicine for treating diabetes. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2014;2014:1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Singh RK, Sharma B. Certain traditional indian plants and their therapeutic applications: a review. VRI Phytomed. 2013;1(1):1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E. Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(9):624–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu CT, Sheen LY, Lii CK. Does garlic have a role as an antidiabetic agent? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;51(11):1353–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Saravanan G, Ponmurugan P. Ameliorative potential of S-allyl cysteine on oxidative stress in STZ induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2011;189(1–2):100–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hsu CC, Yen HF, Yin MC, Tsai CM, Hsieh CH. Five cysteine-containing compounds delay diabetic deterioration in Balb/cA mice. J Nutr. 2004;134(12):3245–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Navarro JF, Milena FJ, Mora C, Leon C, Claverie F, Flores C, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in diabetic nephropathy: relationship with urinary albumin excretion and effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005;99:S98–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Shibutani Y, Aoki E, Tsutsumi Z, Takahashi S, et al. Elevated levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: relationship with diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism. 2003;52(5):605–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Leverkus M, Yaar M, Eller MS, Tang EH, Gilchrest BA. Post-transcriptional regulation of UV induced TNF-α expression. J Investig Dermatol. 1998;110(4):353–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. MacKenzie S, Fernàndez-Troy N, Espel E. Post-transcriptional regulation of TNF-α during in vitro differentiation of human monocytes/macrophages in primary culture. J Leukoc Biol. 2002;71(6):1026–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Boado RJ, Pardridge WM. Glucose deprivation and hypoxia increase the expression of the GLUT1 glucose transporter via a specific mRNA cis-acting regulatory element. J Neurochem. 2002;80(3):552–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The present study was funded by Vice-chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (No. 9312126433).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Abolfazl Nasiri, Nasrin Ziamajidi, Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi & Hamid Behrouj

  2. Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Massoud Saidijam

  3. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Sara Solemani Asl

Authors
  1. Abolfazl Nasiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nasrin Ziamajidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Massoud Saidijam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hamid Behrouj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sara Solemani Asl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nasrin Ziamajidi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nasiri, A., Ziamajidi, N., Abbasalipourkabir, R. et al. Beneficial Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status in the Kidneys of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Ind J Clin Biochem 32, 329–336 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-016-0621-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-016-0621-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation