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Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Molecular Targets

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Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. ALL is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood, and it reaches peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. The prognosis of ALL is associated with aberrant gene expression, in addition to the presence of numerical or structural chromosomal alterations, age, race, and immunophenotype. The Relapse rate with regard to pharmacological treatment rises in childhood; thus, the expression of biomarkers associated with the activation of cell signaling pathways is crucial to establish the disease prognosis. Intracellular pathways involved in ALL are diverse, including Janus kinase/Signal transducers and transcription activators (JAK-STAT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase–protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α), among others. In this review, we present several therapeutic targets, intracellular pathways, and molecular markers that are being studied extensively at present.

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  1. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico

    Cristian Fabián Layton Tovar & Hugo Mendieta Zerón

  2. Asociación Científica Latina A.C. (ASCILA) and Ciprés Grupo Médico (CGM), Felipe Villanueva sur 1209, Col. Rancho Dolores, 50170, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico

    Hugo Mendieta Zerón

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Layton Tovar, C.F., Mendieta Zerón, H. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Molecular Targets. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 32, 141–153 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-015-0609-z

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