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Nichtmedikamentöse und medikamentöse Therapie von Kiefer- und Gesichtsschmerzen

Was ist sinnvoll, was ist praktikabel?

Non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of orofacial pain

What makes sense and what is practical?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der MKG-Chirurg Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Suffizientes perioperatives Schmerzmanagement ist eine Grundforderung in der modernen MKG-Chirurgie. In der Regel kann durch nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika (z. B. Ibuprofen, Diclofenac) und/oder nichtsaure antipyretische Analgetika (Paracetamol, Metamizol) eine adäquate Schmerzreduktion erreicht werden. Adjuvante Maßnahmen wie anxiolytische und sedierende Prämedikationen beeinflussen vor allem das Schmerzerleben und wirken so ebenfalls schmerzreduzierend. Hierzu zählt auch die präoperative Glukokortikoidgabe. Bei der Behandlung chronischer Kiefer- und Gesichtsschmerzen stehen primär die nichtmedikamentösen Verfahren wie Instruktion (biopsychosoziales Krankheitsmodell) und Edukation des Patienten (Eigentherapie) im Vordergrund. Okklusionsschienen, Physiotherapie, Entspannungsverfahren und Ausdauersport sind wesentliche Bausteine einer multimodalen Therapie, insbesondere bei myogenen Beschwerden (kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion). Vor allem bei neuralgischen und neuropathischen Schmerzen ist meist auch eine medikamentöse Therapie erforderlich. Hierbei stehen trizyklische Antidepressiva und Antikonvulsiva an erster Stelle.

Abstract

Effective perioperative pain management is one of the crucial points of modern maxillofacial surgery. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and diclofenac and analgesics, such as acetaminophen and metamizol, are normally adequate for acute postoperative pain. Opioids can be indicated after extensive surgical procedures. A preoperative anxiolytic and sedative medication (e.g. midazolam) modulates the pain experience and can also reduce pain. Corticoids may also be indicated. Treatment of chronic orofacial pain includes not only biological but also psychological and social factors which have to be addressed in the treatment plan. Information and education of the patient is very important. Non-pharmacological treatment such as splints, physiotherapy, relaxation training and sport are most effective for myogeneous pain and should be recommended to all patients. Neuralgic and neuropathic disorders in particular also need pharmacological treatment and tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsive drugs are the first choice. Most important is a multidisciplinary approach during the diagnostic and therapeutic process.

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Daubländer, M. Nichtmedikamentöse und medikamentöse Therapie von Kiefer- und Gesichtsschmerzen. MKG-Chirurg 2, 269–274 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12285-009-0120-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12285-009-0120-3

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