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Cell growth inhibition and apoptosis by SDS-solubilized single-walled carbon nanotubes in normal rat kidney epithelial cells

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Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), promising novel nanomaterials, have been applied to drug delivery and bio-imaging; however, their potential harmful effects on human health and environment have gained much attention recently. In the present study, we investigated cytotoxic effect of solubilized single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), which were dispersed in water by sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS), in normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E). SDS-SWCNT (0.125–10 μg/mL)-treated NRK-52E cells showed decreased cell viability and enhanced cytotoxicity marker levels following 24–48 h incubation. In addition, SDS-SWCNT treatment evoked the cell growth inhibition: 8 μg/mL SDS-SWCNT induced the growth arrest at G0/G1 phase and levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as CDK2, CDK6 and phosphorylated-retinoblastoma (pRB) were significantly reduced by CNT. Whereas, at higher concentration of SDS-SWCNT, the percentage of cell numbers in apoptotic sub-G1 phase was substantially increased. Along with these changes, SDS-SWCNT treatment elevated protein levels for p53 and p21 with a concomitant increase in the single strand DNA breakage. Taken together, these results suggest that SDS-solubilized SWCNTs exert genotoxic effect in renal epithelial cells, and p53-dependent signaling can be associated with the growth arrest and apoptosis events upon CNT-induced DNA damage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-749, Korea

    Chang-Won Nam, Su-Jin Kang & Mi-Kyoung Kwak

  2. Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea

    Youn Kyung Kang

  3. College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-749, Korea

    Mi-Kyoung Kwak

  4. Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 110-743, South Korea

    Youn Kyung Kang

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  1. Chang-Won Nam
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  2. Su-Jin Kang
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Correspondence to Youn Kyung Kang or Mi-Kyoung Kwak.

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Nam, CW., Kang, SJ., Kang, Y.K. et al. Cell growth inhibition and apoptosis by SDS-solubilized single-walled carbon nanotubes in normal rat kidney epithelial cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 34, 661–669 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-011-0417-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-011-0417-4

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