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Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass Estimation: Two-Dimensional Area-Length Method is Superior to M-Mode Linear Method in Swine Models of Cardiac Diseases

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Abstract

Echocardiography offers rapid and cost-effective estimations of left ventricular (LV) mass, but its accuracy in patients with cardiac disease remains unclear. LV mass was measured by M-mode-based linear method and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE)-based area-length method in pig models and correlation with actual LV weight was assessed. Twenty-six normal, 195 ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 33 non-IHD HF pigs were included. A strong positive linear relationship to the actual LV weight was found with 2DE-based area-length method (r = 0.82, p < 0.001), whereas a moderate relationship was found with M-mode method in the overall population (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Two correlation coefficients were significantly different (p < 0.001), and were driven mainly by incremental overestimation of LV mass in heavier hearts using the M-mode method. IHD and LV dilation were the factors contributing to overestimation using M-mode method. 2DE-based area-length method provides a better estimation of LV weight in swine models of HF, particularly in those with IHD.

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Acknowledgements

None.

Funding

This work was supported by NIH R01 HL139963 (K.I.), HL117505, HL 119046, HL129814, HL128072, HL131404, HL135093, a P50 HL112324 (R.J.H.), AHA-SDG 17SDG33410873 (K.I.) and a Transatlantic Fondation Leducq grant. We would like to acknowledge the Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. O.B. was supported by the Deutsche Herzstiftung.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Satoshi Miyashita, Nadjib Hammoudi, Shin Watanabe, Olympia Bikou, Kelly Yamada, Jaume Aguero, Koichi Nomoto, Taro Kariya, Kenneth Fish & Kiyotake Ishikawa

  2. Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), ACTION Study Group and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, 75013, France

    Nadjib Hammoudi

  3. Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain

    Jaume Aguero

  4. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain

    Jaume Aguero

  5. Phospholamban Foundation, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands

    Roger J. Hajjar

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  1. Satoshi Miyashita
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Contributions

S.M., N.H., K.N., and K.I. conceived and designed research; N.H., S.W., O.B., K.Y., J.A., and K.I. performed experiments; S.M, S.W., T.K., and K.I. analyzed data; S.M, N.H., J.A., T.K., K.F., R.J.H, and K.I interpreted results of experiments; S.M., and K.I prepared figures; S.M., N.H., K.Y, K.F., R.J.H, and K.I. drafted manuscript; all authors approved final version of manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kiyotake Ishikawa.

Ethics declarations

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. This study involved animal use. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.(Committee on Research Animal Care at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai LA11–00388)”.

Conflict of Interest

N.H. reports consulting/advisory activities for Philips. Other authors do not have disclosures relevant to this manuscript.

Clinical Relevance

Our study offers clinically useful information for estimating LV mass using echocardiography in patients with cardiac diseases.

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Associate Editor Enrique Lara-Pezzi oversaw the review of this article

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Miyashita, S., Hammoudi, N., Watanabe, S. et al. Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass Estimation: Two-Dimensional Area-Length Method is Superior to M-Mode Linear Method in Swine Models of Cardiac Diseases. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 13, 648–658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-019-09937-7

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