Abstract
The concept of pain has remained a topic of long debate since its emergence in ancient times. The initial ideas of pain were formulated in both the East and the West before 1800. Since 1800, due to the development of experimental sciences, different theories of pain have emerged and become central topics of debate. However, the existing theories of pain may be appropriate for the interpretation of some aspects of pain, but are not yet comprehensive. The history of pain problems is as long as that of human beings; however, the understanding of pain mechanisms is still far from sufficient. Thus, intensive research is required. This historical review mainly focuses on the development of pain theories and the fundamental discoveries in this field. Other historical events associated with pain therapies and remedies are beyond the scope of this review.
摘要
疼痛的概念是从古至今一直争论不休的话题。 在进入19世纪之前, 东西方医学界已有疼痛概念的雏形, 但 很肤浅。 进入19世纪之后, 由于实验科学的发展, 持各种不同观点的疼痛学说应运而生, 且逐步成为各家学说守 护和争论的焦点。 然而科学实践证明, 每个学说可能在某些方面能够求证并释疑解惑, 但都不是万能之说。 疼痛 问题本身的历史应该与人类诞生后的历史一样长, 但是人类对疼痛机理的认识却令人惊奇地不足。 因此, 号召与 倡导对疼痛问题的更深入研究是必要的。 限于篇幅, 此综述仅叙述疼痛学说的发展史和奠定该领域的基本科学发 现, 而不涉及疼痛治疗方法及对人类有益的镇痛名药良方的相关历史。
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Veith I (English Translator). The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966: 1–260.
Zhu M (English Translator). The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2001: 1–302.
Rey R. History of Pain. Paris: Editions La Decouverte, 1993: 1–409.
Finger S. Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 1–462.
Merskey H, Loeser JD, Dubner R. The Paths of Pain: 1975–2005. Seattle: IASP Press, 2005: 1–549.
Perl ER. Ideas about pain, a historical view. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8: 71–80.
Head H, Rivers WHR, Sherren J. The afferent nervous system from a new aspect. Brain 1905, 28: 99–115.
Ranson SW. Unmyelinated nerve fibres as conductors of protopathic sensation. Brain 1915, 38: 381–389.
Nafe JP. A quantitative theory of feeling. J Gen Psychol 1929, 2: 199–211.
Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanism: a new theory. Science 1965, 150: 971–979.
Cervero F. The Gate Theory, Then and Now. In: Merskey H, Loeser JD, Dubner R (Eds). The Paths of Pain: 1975–2005. Seattle: IASP Press, 2005: 33–48.
Zotterman Y. Specific action potentials in the lingual nerve of cat. Skand Arch Physiol 1936, 75: 105–120.
Zotterman Y. Touch, pain and tickling: an electrophysiological investigation on cutaneous sensory nerves. J Physiol 1939, 95: 1–28.
Iggo A. Cutaneous heat and cold receptors with slowly conducting (C) afferent fibres. Quart J Exp Physiol 1959, 44: 362–370.
Iggo A. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors with afferent C fibres. J Physiol 1960, 152: 337–353.
Burgess PR, Perl ER. Myelinated afferent fibres responding specifically to noxious stimulation of the skin. J Physiol 1967, 190: 541–562.
Perl ER. Myelinated afferent fibres innervating the primate skin and their response to noxious stimuli. J Physiol 1968, 197: 593–615.
Bessou P, Perl ER. Response of cutaneous sensory units with unmyelinated fibers to noxious stimuli. J Neurophysiol 1969, 32: 1025–1043.
Bessou P, Burgess PR, Perl ER, Taylor CB. Dynamic properties of mechanoreceptors with unmyelinated (C) fibers. J Neurophysiol 1971, 34: 116–131.
Hagbarth KE, Hongell A, Hallin RG, Torebjörk HE. Afferent impulses in median nerve fascicles evoked by tactile stimuli of the human hand. Brain Res 1970, 24: 423–442.
Torebjörk HE. Afferent C unit responding to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli in human non-glabrous skin. Acta Physiol Scand 1974, 92: 374–390.
Torebjörk HE, Ochoa J. Specific sensations evoked by activity in single identified sensory units in man. Acta Physiol Scand 1980, 110: 445–447.
Ochoa J, Torebjörk HE. Sensations evoked by intraneural microstimulation of single mechanoreceptor units innervating the human hand. J Physiol 1983, 342: 633–654.
Christensen BN, Perl ER. Spinal neurons specifically excited by noxious or thermal stimuli: marginal zone of the dorsal horn. J Neurophysiol 1970, 33: 293–307.
Hökfelt T, Kellerth JO, Nisson G, Pernow B. Substance P: localization in the central nervous system and in some primary sensory neurons. Science 1975, 190: 889–890.
Light AR, Perl ER. Spinal termination of functionally identified primary afferent neurons with slowly conducting myelinated fibers. J Comp Neurol 1979, 186: 133–150.
Snider WD, McMahon SB. Tackling pain at the source: New ideas about nociceptors. Neuron 1998, 20: 629–632.
Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 1997, 389: 816–824.
Tsou K, Jang CS. Studies on the site of analgesic action of morphine by intracerebral microinjection. Sci Sin 1964, 13: 1099–1109.
Reynolds DV. Surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia induced by focal brain stimulation. Science 1969, 164: 444–445.
Han JS, Ho YS. Global trends and performances of acupuncture research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011, 35: 680–687.
Zhao ZQ. Neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia. Prog Neurobiol 2008, 85: 355–375.
Fields HL, Basbaum AI. Brainstem control of spinal pain-transmission neurons. Annu Rev Physiol 1978, 40: 217–248.
Fields HL. State-dependent opioid control of pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004, 5: 565–575.
Ossipov MH, Porreca F. Descending Modulation of Pain. In: Merskey H, Loeser JD, Dubner R (Eds). The Paths of Pain: 1975–2005. Seattle: IASP Press, 2005: 117–130.
Ossipov MH, Dussor GO, Porreca F. Central modulation of pain. J Clin Invest 2010, 120: 3779–3787.
Zubieta JK, Stohler CS. Neurobiological mechanisms of placebo responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009, 1156: 198–210.