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Improvement of Bone Formation in Rats with Calvarial Defects by Modulating the Pore Size of Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds

  • Research Paper
  • Biomedical Engineering
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Abstract

The use of multi-porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering has been shown to improve osteogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms by which these scaffolds promote new bone formation have not yet been recognized well, related hypotheses can be found in many previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the modulation of the pore size of beta- TCP ceramics on osteogenic differentiation in rats with calvarial defects. Treatments with macro- and meso-sized particles of NaCl, which was used as a porogen, were carried out during scaffold manufacturing, and the pore sizes of the beta-TCP scaffolds were measured by SEM. New bone formation was evaluated by Micro-CT, H&E staining, and immuno-histochemical analysis at week 4 after the operation. It was observed that the multi porosity of beta-TCP ceramics was controlled by treating the scaffolds with NaCl particles of two sizes (500–800 μm and 10–50 μm) during the firing process. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of type 1 collagen and osteocalcin protein expression showed that the new bone formation and mineralization in case of the multi-porous beta-TCP ceramics comprising macro-and meso-sized pores were significantly higher than those in case of single porous macro- or meso-sized scaffolds. In conclusion, the distribution and size of the pores, as well as the surface structure of the scaffolds, may play an important role for osteogenic differentiation in vivo.

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Abbreviations

Beta-TCP:

eta-tricalcium phosphate

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

Micro-CT:

micro-computerized tomography

H&E:

hematoxylin and eosin

HA:

hydroxyapatite

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a grant (17172MFDS394) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2017, the Clinical Medicine Research Institute of the Chosun University Hospital(2016) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A3B03031764).

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Author notes

  1. Mineon Park and Gwangcheol Lee contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Orthopaedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, 61453, Korea

    Mineon Park & Wonbong Lim

  2. Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea

    Mineon Park

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, 61453, Korea

    Gwangcheol Lee, Kanghyeon Ryu & Wonbong Lim

  4. Department of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea

    Wonbong Lim

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  1. Mineon Park
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  2. Gwangcheol Lee
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Correspondence to Wonbong Lim.

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Park, M., Lee, G., Ryu, K. et al. Improvement of Bone Formation in Rats with Calvarial Defects by Modulating the Pore Size of Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioproc E 24, 885–892 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-019-0248-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-019-0248-6

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