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Assessment of Gastritis and Gastric Cancer Risk in the Chilean Population Using the OLGA System

  • Original Article
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Pathology & Oncology Research

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is the first cancer-related cause of death in Chile; however, no plan for GC early detection has been implemented in this country. The OLGA system characterizes gastritis from stages 0 to IV according to the risk of developing GC based on H. pylori infection, atrophy, metaplasia and GC. In this study, the performance of the OLGA system was evaluated in 485 Chilean patients receiving routine endoscopy to improve the detection of early GC or preneoplastic lesions. The results showed that OLGA scores, atrophy, metaplasia and GC increased significantly with age (p < 0.001). Conversely, H. pylori infection was higher in younger groups (p < 0.05). All gastric lesions were more frequent in men than women. The majority of patients with atrophy also had metaplasia (99%, p < 0.0001). Patients with H. pylori infection had more gastric atrophy and metaplasia than those without infection (p < 0.05). Of the 485 patients, 21 (4.3%) had GC, being 2.3 times more frequent among men than women and about 2/3 (14) were in OLGA stage ≥2. In addition, 19 (90%) GC patients had atrophy and 18 (85%) had metaplasia (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the OLGA system facilitated the evaluation of GC precursor lesions particularly in patients with an OLGA score > 2 between 45 and 56 years old, because this group showed atrophy and intestinal metaplasia more frequently. Therefore, biennial endoscopic surveillance of patients with an OLGA >2 can be an important health policy in Chile for diagnosing GC in its early stages and reducing mortality over the next two decades.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the DIUFRO Grant (N° DI17-0132 to MV) and The National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) Grant (N° 3170826 to IR and N° 11150802 to PB).

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Author notes

  1. Enrique Bellolio and Ismael Riquelme contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania 0458, Postal Code, 4810296, Temuco, Chile

    Enrique Bellolio, Angela L. Riffo-Campos, Miguel Villaseca, Priscilla Brebi & Juan Carlos Araya

  2. Instituto de Patología Celular y Molecular, Lago Puyehue 01745, Postal Code, 4810469, Temuco, Chile

    Enrique Bellolio, Miguel Villaseca & Juan Carlos Araya

  3. Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 01090, Postal Code, 4810101, Temuco, Chile

    Ismael Riquelme

  4. Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, Universidad de La Frontera, Calle Montevideo 740, Postal Code, 4811322, Temuco, Chile

    Angela L. Riffo-Campos

  5. Gastroenterologist, Avenida Apoquindo 2880, Postal Code 7550000, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

    Carlos Rueda

  6. School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Catterina Ferreccio

  7. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), FONDAP, Diagonal Paraguay 362- Santiago, Postal code, 8330024, Santiago, Chile

    Catterina Ferreccio

  8. Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania 0458, Postal Code, 4810296, Temuco, Chile

    Priscilla Brebi

  9. Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, General Jose Miguel Carrera 228, Postal Code, 4781135, Temuco, Chile

    Sergio Muñoz

Authors
  1. Enrique Bellolio
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Enrique Bellolio or Ismael Riquelme.

Ethics declarations

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study according to ethical requirements of WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Principles for medical research involving human subjects. We declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. The funders (see Acknowledgements) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Additional information

Enrique Bellolio and Ismael Riquelme are both first authors.

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Bellolio, E., Riquelme, I., Riffo-Campos, A.L. et al. Assessment of Gastritis and Gastric Cancer Risk in the Chilean Population Using the OLGA System. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 25, 1135–1142 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-018-0532-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-018-0532-3

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