Abstract
Driving cycles provide a basis for vehicle development and calibration and also serves as the foundation for energy consumption and emissions certification of vehicles. This paper presents the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC) developed by the China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC). First, the important steps and technical routes toward the CLTC development process are summarized. Second, the specific CLTC development process is presented in detail, including the data acquisition and data analysis procedures, weighting factor development and driving cycle construction. Then, the main driving characteristics of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), the Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75), the CLTC and the actual collected data are compared. The CLTC has low average speed, a high idle speed ratio and more frequent acceleration and deceleration characteristics. Finally, 70 vehicles are tested based on the NEDC, WLTC, and CLTC according to their legislative procedures in the vehicle emission laboratories of the CATARC and the manufacturers. The results show that the CLTC’s fuel consumption is much higher than that of the NEDC and WLTC, and CLTC can effectively reflect the actual fuel consumption of users.
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Abbreviations
- AT:
-
automatic transmission
- AMT:
-
automated manual transmission
- CATARC:
-
China automotive technology and research center
- CATC:
-
China automotive test cycle
- CLTC:
-
China light-duty vehicle test cycle
- CVT:
-
continuously variable transmission
- DCT:
-
dual clutch transmission
- EUDC:
-
extra urban driving cycle
- EV:
-
electric vehicle
- FTP-75:
-
federal test procedure
- GDP:
-
gross domestic product
- GIS:
-
geographic information system
- GPRS:
-
general packet radio service
- GPS:
-
global positioning system
- GRPE:
-
working party on pollution and energy transport program
- MIIT:
-
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- MT:
-
manual transmission
- NEDC:
-
New European Driving Cycle
- OBD:
-
on-board diagnostics
- p :
-
chi-square value
- PHEV:
-
plug-in hybrid EV
- RPA:
-
relative positive acceleration
- SFTP:
-
supplemental federal test procedures
- T :
-
time duration of the speed phase
- T id :
-
average idle segment duration
- T st :
-
average short trip duration
- UDCs:
-
urban driving cycles
- UN-ECE:
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
- V j :
-
value of the speed-acceleration distribution
- W j :
-
value of the unified velocity-acceleration distribution
- WHDC:
-
world harmonized heavy-duty cycle
- WLTC:
-
worldwide harmonized light-duty driving test cycle
- i:
-
label for the speed phase
- id :
-
idle segment
- i :
-
label for speed-acceleration point
- st :
-
short trip
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Acknowledgement
This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB0106402) and Research and Development of Chinese New Energy Automobile Products Test Driving Cycles (CATC).
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Liu, Y., Wu, Z.X., Zhou, H. et al. Development of China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle. Int.J Automot. Technol. 21, 1233–1246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0117-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0117-5