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Comparing Vertical Change in Riverine, Bayside, and Barrier Island Wetland Soils in Response to Acute and Chronic Disturbance in Apalachicola Bay, FL

  • Special Issue: Wetland Elevation Dynamics
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Abstract

Coastal wetlands experience acute and chronic disturbances which can affect rates of surface elevation change and vertical accretion of surface sediments. Disturbance can either amplify or impair the ability of wetlands to maintain their position within the tidal frame, with implications for their long-term persistence. Using an 8-year dataset collected from coupled surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) stations spanning riverine, bayside, and barrier island settings in the Apalachicola Bay region of north Florida, USA, this study investigated decadal-scale surface elevation change and vertical accretion rates to assess wetland vulnerability to acute (Hurricane Michael) and chronic (relative sea-level rise; RSLR) disturbance in different geomorphic settings. All sites had long-term accretion rates that exceeded rates of surface elevation change (pre-Michael), indicating that surface accretion was not a good indicator of changes in surface elevation for any of these coastal geomorphic settings. Hurricane Michael increased surface elevation change rates at bayside and riverine sites; barrier island sites consistently displayed the lowest surface elevation change rates, which did not differ between pre- and post-Michael periods. Accretion rates were greatest in the riverine sites, which were characterized by highly organic soils. Barrier island and bayside sites demonstrated elevation and accretion deficits relative to the rate of RSLR for Apalachicola Bay between 2010 and 2022, indicating high vulnerability of these sites to chronic increases in sea level. These estimates of marsh resilience relied exclusively on rates of vertical change and neglecting to account for lateral erosion failed to predict that each of the three barrier island sites experienced rapid loss of the seaward SET-MH stations during the observation period. These results provide evidence of different vertical change responses among coastal wetlands of three geomorphic settings exposed to hurricanes and RSLR in the same region and suggest different timelines for long-term persistence of these sites.

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Funding

Funding for HES was provided by a post-doctoral fellowship for the Coastal and Marine Laboratory supported by the Office of the Vice President for Research at Florida State University. JLB and KME were supported by Triumph Gulf Coast Inc. Project #69: Apalachicola Bay System Initiative. The authors wish to thank Sydney Rodetsky, Kindle Hon, and Alek Valles for laboratory and field assistance. Access to research sites and data was provided by the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve. Thanks to the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, National Estuarine Research Reserve System for their generous support with funding (grant numbers NA14NOS4200041 and NA15NOS4200102) and the Florida Department of Environment protection for their support of Reserve staff and equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, St. Teresa, FL, USA

    Havalend E. Steinmuller, Kevin M. Engelbert & Joshua L. Breithaupt

  2. Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Eastpoint, FL, USA

    Ethan Bourque, Samantha B. Lucas & Jason Garwood

  3. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, AL, USA

    Havalend E. Steinmuller

  4. School of Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA

    Havalend E. Steinmuller

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Communicated by Charles T. Roman

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Steinmuller, H.E., Bourque, E., Lucas, S.B. et al. Comparing Vertical Change in Riverine, Bayside, and Barrier Island Wetland Soils in Response to Acute and Chronic Disturbance in Apalachicola Bay, FL. Estuaries and Coasts (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01131-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01131-4

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