Abstract
Besides being a pathogen, powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh. f. sp. subterranea) is also a vector of potato mop-top virus (PMTV). Powdery scab is very widely distributed but PMTV has a more narrow distribution. It is confined to areas with a cool and humid climate and is found in Northern Europe, Northern America, China, Japan and the Andes region. Powdery scab attacks many different plant species but only species in the Solanaceae and Chenopodiaceae are hosts of PMTV. The symptoms of PMTV infection include spraing (brown-coloured arcs or spots) in the tubers, yellow blotching or chlorotic V-shapes in the leaves and stunting of the stems. The infection is partially systemic and is self-eliminating after a few generations when the tubers are planted in clean soil. The main source of inoculum is therefore viruliferous sporeballs of powdery scab. The virus is situated inside the spores and is transmitted by the zoospores during fungal attack. Isolates of powdery scab free of PMTV will become viruliferous by attacking PMTV-infected plants. The sporeballs of powdery scab are very long lived and PMTV infection has been obtained from 18-year-old sporeballs. PMTV can be artificially transmitted by sap. Isolates kept in the laboratory by sap transmission in many generations tend to loose the vector transmissibility by a deletion in the CP-encoding RNA subunit.
Resumen
Además de ser un patógeno, (Spongospora subterránea (Wallr.) Lagerth f. sp. subterránea) la roña es también un vector del virus del mop top (PMTV). La roña está ampliamente distribuida pero el PMTV tiene distribución más limitada. Está confinada a áreas con clima frío y húmedo y se encuentra en el Norte de Europa, Norte América, China, Japón y la región de los Andes. La roña ataca muchas plantas de especies diferentes pero solamente especies entre las Solanáceas y las Chenopodiaceas son hospederos del PMTV. Los síntomas de la infección con PMTV incluyen erupciones en el tubérculo (arcos de color marrón o manchas), manchas de color amarillo o manchas cloróticas en forma de V en las hojas y enanismo de los tallos. La infección es parcialmente sistémica y se auto elimina después de unas cuantas generaciones, cuando el tubérculo se siembra en suelo limpio. La principal fuente de inóculo son por lo tanto las masas de esporas de la roña. El virus se encuentra dentro de las esporas y es trasmitido por las zoosporas durante el ataque del hongo. Aislamientos de roña libres del PMTV se vuelven virulíferos al atacar a plantas infectadas con PMTV. Las masas de esporas de la roña viven mucho tiempo y se ha obtenido infección de masas de esporas de 18 años. El PMTV puede ser transmitido artificialmente por medio de savia infectada. Los aislamientos guardados en el laboratorio por transmisión de savia en muchas generaciones tienden a perder su trasmisibilidad como vector debido a una deleccion en la subunidad de ARN que codifica el CP.
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Kirk, H.G. Mop-top Virus, Relationship to Its Vector. Am. J. Pot Res 85, 261–265 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9021-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9021-7