Abstract
Orphanodendron is a taxonomically and geographically isolated South American genus of two species. When first described by Barneby and Grimes in 1990, the genus was placed in Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae, but that placement was doubted and the name Orphanodendron (Gr. orphanos, orphan + dendron, tree) was chosen to reflect the uncertain subfamilial relationship of the genus. In this study, nucleotide sequence data from five Orphanodendron specimens were added to 662 other, previously sampled, Leguminosae taxa representing all three currently recognized subfamilies (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae) in a matK maximum parsimony analysis that resolved Orphanodendron as a member of the genistoid s.l. clade of subfamily Papilionoideae. Two additional Bayesian phylogenetic analyses with reduced taxon sampling of plastid (matK combined with trnL-F) and nuclear (ITS) loci strongly support the monophyly of Orphanodendron and unambiguously establish Orphanodendron as a member of the genistoid sensu lato clade. Although our plastid phylogenetic analysis finds relatively low support for a sister-group relationship with the African genus Camoensia, the nuclear-encoded ITS resolves Orphanodendron as sister to the Bowdichia clade with strong support and Camoensia as sister to other core genistoids. The phylogenetic resolution of Orphanodendron as a member of the genistoid s.l. legumes based on nuclear and plastid sequences will undoubtedly advance future evolutionary investigations of this Colombian endemic tropical tree genus.
Resumen
Orphanodendron es un género taxonómicamente y geográficamente aislado de Sur América. Cuando se describió por primera por Barneby y Grimes en 1990, el género, fue ubicado dentro de las Leguminosae subfamilia Caesalpinioideae, pero su posición fue incierta y el nombre Orphanodendron (del griego orphanos, huérfano + dendron, árbol) fue elegido para reflejar la afinidad incierta relación del género dentro de la subfamilia. En este estudio, datos de la secuencia nucleotidica de cinco especímenes de Orphanodendron fueron adicionados a otros 662 taxa de leguminosas previamente muestreados que representan las tres subfamilias actualmente reconocidas (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae y Papilionoideae) en un análisis de máxima parsimonia en matK que resolvió a Orphanodendron como un miembro del clado genistoide s.l. de la subfamilia Papilionoideae. Dos análisis filogenéticos Bayesiano adicionales con un reducido número de taxones muestreados por loci de plastidio (matK combinado con trnL-F) y nuclear (ITS) soportaron fuertemente la monofila de Orphanodendron y una estabilidad sin ambigüedades de Orphanodendron como miembro del clado genistoides sensu lato. Aunque nuestro análisis filogenético del plastidio encontró un soporte relativamente bajo para una relación de grupo–hermano con el género africano Camoensia, la decodificación nuclear ITS resolvió a Orphanodendron como hermano del clado Bowdichia con un soporte fuerte y a Camoensia como hermano para otro core genistoide. La resolución filogenética basada en plastídio y núcleo de Orphanodendron como miembro las leguminosas genistoides s.l. indudablemente será un avance para las futuras investigaciones evolutivas de este género de árbol tropical endémico en Colombia.
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Acknowledgments
This research was partially financed by Santo Tomás University-Villavicencio, through the administrative act 094: “discovery of a new plant species for the flora of Colombia” led by the first author. The molecular analyses were financed by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant to AB. We thank the Kew herbarium (K) for permission to reproduce the image of an isotype of Orphanodendron bernalii. Thanks to William Ariza (for photo 2B), Álvaro Cogollo who kindly provided information and specimens of Orphanodendron, and Alexander Fernandez Rodriguez – USTA Villavicencio, for his review of an early draft of the paper. Special thanks are given to Domingos Cardoso and Matt Lavin for their thoughtful suggestions towards improving the manuscript.
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Maximum parsimony tree comprising 3 accessions of Orphanodendron bernalii and 2 accessions of Orphanodendron grandiflorum together with 662 Leguminosae taxa comprising all three subfamilies (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae), as well as 7 outgroup taxa from Polygalaceae, Rosaceae, Surianaceae, and Quillajaceae. (JPG 165 kb)
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Castellanos, C., Steeves, R., Lewis, G.P. et al. A settled sub-family for the orphan tree: The phylogenetic position of the endemic Colombian genus Orphanodendron in the Leguminosae. Brittonia 69, 62–70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9451-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9451-3