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Elliptic Fourier Analysis of leaf outline shape in forest fragment populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum (Araceae) from Northeast Brazil

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A field-based comparative study of leaflet outline shape in five populations of Anthurium sinuatum Benth. ex Schott from Amazonia and humid brejo forests of Ceará, Northeast Brazil, and ten populations of A. pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum from Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic forest is reported. 1,120 leaflets from 561 individuals in 15 populations were sampled. Using images, leaflet outlines were captured by digitisation and subjected to Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) to produce matrices of Fourier coefficients based on 40 harmonics; lateral and central leaflets were analysed separately. Twelve shape variables, extracted from the Fourier coefficient matrices, described the leaflet outlines of 531 individuals. Between-population relationships were estimated using cluster analysis, Canonical Variates Analysis and non-parametric MANOVA. Amazonian populations showed the greatest within-population variability. In A. sinuatum the Pacatuba population was the most distinct in Ceará and the Pará population (Amazonia) was not significantly different from those at Ibiapaba and Maranguape (both Ceará). In A. pentaphyllum 80% of population pairs were significantly different and three significantly different groups of populations were observed. Although the populations of A. pentaphyllum displayed considerable variation, the morphological patterns did not correlate with previously reported molecular ones. The two species were found to be slightly but significantly different on leaf outline data.

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Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to the following organisations and persons for their essential help: FUNCAP (Fundação Cearense de Amparo à Pesquisa), FAPESB (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia), WWF Brasil, Kew Latin America Research Fellowships Programme (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Margaret Mee Fellowships Programme (Fundação Botânica Margaret Mee – Rio de Janeiro, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Ministério do Meio Ambiente (IBAMA, permit number 001/2004, 042/04), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científica e Tecnológica (CNPq, MCT permit number, 168/01), Dr Ana Maria Giulietti, Dr Robyn Cowan, Anna Haigh, Dr Jean-Jacques de Granville and the staff of the CAY herbarium in French Guiana, Bertrand Goguillon and the staff of IRD (French Guiana) for permission to collect, Dr Denis Barabé, Thales Alves Ribeiro, Sr José Teodoro Soares, Rector of the Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú (UVA), Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Bahia, Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Universitária s/n, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

    I. M. Andrade & C. Van den Berg

  2. Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    S. J. Mayo & D. Kirkup

Authors
  1. I. M. Andrade
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  2. S. J. Mayo
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  3. D. Kirkup
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  4. C. Van den Berg
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Correspondence to S. J. Mayo.

Additional information

Accepted for publication March 2010.

Appendix

Appendix

List of voucher specimens of Anthurium populations sampled in this study.

Voucher specimens are deposited in the following herbaria: EAC = Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; HUEFS = Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil; K = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom; UVA = Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Population codes are given in bold. See Holmgren & Holmgren (1998) for herbarium codes.

Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum

APBAR: BAHIA. Serra da Copioba; I. M. Andrade 810 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2756 (HUEFS). Serra da Jibóia: I. M. Andrade 828 (HUEFS).

APBAS: BAHIA. Porto Seguro, I. M. Andrade 1854 (HUEFS). Una, I. M. Andrade 2047 (HUEFS).

APES: ESPÍRITO SANTO. Santa Tereza, I. M. Andrade 750 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 751 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 753 (HUEFS).

APFG: FRENCH GUIANA. Arataí, I. M. Andrade 2920 (K), I. M. Andrade 2921 (K), I. M. Andrade 2922 (K), I. M. Andrade 2927 (K), I. M. Andrade 2937 (K), I. M. Andrade 2938 (K), I. M. Andrade 2951 (K), I. M. Andrade 2952 (K), I. M. Andrade 2954 (K), I. M. Andrade 2955 (K).

APPER: PERNAMBUCO. Curado, I. M. Andrade 1910 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1916 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1922 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1926 (HUEFS).

APRJ: RIO DE JANEIRO. Alto da Boa Vista, I. M. Andrade 2255 (HUEFS).

APSP: SÃO PAULO. Bertioga, I. M. Andrade 2115 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2116 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2145 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2157 (UVA).

Anthurium sinuatum Benth. ex Schott

ASCEbat: CEARÁ. Serra de Baturité: Guaramiranga, I. M. Andrade 661 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 669 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 672 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 674 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 675 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 676 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1472 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1709 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1740 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1742 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1744 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1746 (HUEFS). Pacoti, I. M. Andrade 529 (EAC); I. M. Andrade 543 (EAC, K); I. M. Andrade 1185 (HUEFS). Pico Alto, I. M. Andrade 1777 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1790 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1791 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1804 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1812 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1815 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1827 (HUEFS).

ASCEibi: CEARÁ. Serra de Ibiapaba: Ibiapina, I. M. Andrade 553 (EAC, K), I. M. Andrade 554 (EAC, K), I. M. Andrade 555 (EAC, HUEFS, K), I. M. Andrade 556 (EAC, K), I. M. Andrade 562 (EAC, HUEFS, K), I. M. Andrade 2503 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2527 (HUEFS). São Benedito, I. M. Andrade 577 (EAC, K), I. M. Andrade 579 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 580 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 581 (EAC, K), I. M. Andrade 582 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 583 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 584 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 587 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 2585 (HUEFS).

ASCEmar: CEARÁ. Serra de Maranguape: I. M. Andrade 881 (HUEFS).

ASCEpac: CEARÁ: Serra de Aratanha: Pacatuba, I. M. Andrade 519 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 586 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 686 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 691 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 696 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 700 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 702 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1345 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1391 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1394 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1844 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 1847 (HUEFS).

ASPA: PARÁ. Ourem, I. M. Andrade 2301 (HUEFS); I. M. Andrade 2329 (HUEFS). Marituba, I. M. Andrade 2424 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2434 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2438, I. M. Andrade 2440 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2443 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2458 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2461 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2463 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2463 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2468 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2485 (HUEFS).

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Andrade, I.M., Mayo, S.J., Kirkup, D. et al. Elliptic Fourier Analysis of leaf outline shape in forest fragment populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum (Araceae) from Northeast Brazil. Kew Bull 65, 3–20 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-010-9188-1

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