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Comparative morphology of populations of Monstera Adans. (Araceae) from natural forest fragments in Northeast Brazil using elliptic Fourier Analysis of leaf outlines

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Summary

A comparative study of the leaf outline morphometrics of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana, M. adansonii var. laniata and M. praetermissa was carried out. The study focused on populations in isolated montane humid (brejo) forests of Ceará state in Northeast Brazil and compared them with populations from Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Digitised outlines were prepared from a total of 1,695 field-collected leaf images from 20 populations, and elliptic Fourier analysis was used to generate matrices of coefficients, from which six shape variables (principal components) were extracted using Principal Components Analysis. Intra-population variability and inter-population differences were analysed with multivariate distance methods. Separate analyses were carried out for each of three leaf size classes (juvenile, submature, mature) because of the strong heteroblasty typical of this genus. Juvenile leaves were the least variable size class within populations of M. adansonii var. klotzschiana. The shape variables expressed very similar types of variation in all three size classes. The Ceará brejo populations of M. adansonii var. klotzschiana showed significant differences between mature leaf outlines in all pairwise comparisons; the Pacatuba population was the most distinct. The Ceará populations did not cluster together exclusively. In all three size classes, populations clustered together into their taxonomic groups, most clearly so in mature leaves. No correlation between morphological and geographic distance matrices was found, nor between morphological and molecular distance. The study showed that leaf outline shape is a practicable and useful quantitative trait for studying morphological variability at species, varietal and population levels.

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Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to the following organisations and persons for their essential help: FUNCAP (Fundaçao Cearense de Amparo à Pesquisa), FAPESB (Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, WWF Brasil, Kew Latin America Research Fellowships Programme (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Margaret Mee Fellowships Programme (Fundação Botânica Margaret Mee, Rio de Janeiro, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Ministério do Meio Ambiente (IBAMA, permit number 001/2004, 042/04), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científica e Tecnológica (CNPq, MCT permit number, 168/01), Dr Ana Maria Giulietti, Dr Robyn Cowan, Anna Haigh, Dr Jean-Jacques de Granville and the staff of the CAY herbarium in French Guiana, Bertrand Goguillon and the staff of IRD (French Guiana) for permission to collect, Dr Denis Barabé, Thales Alves Ribeiro, Sr. José Teodoro Soares, Rector of the Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú (UVA), Sobral-CE.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Avenida Universitária s/n, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

    I. M. Andrade & C. Van Den Berg

  2. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    S. J. Mayo & D. Kirkup

Authors
  1. I. M. Andrade
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  2. S. J. Mayo
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  3. D. Kirkup
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  4. C. Van Den Berg
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. J. Mayo.

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Appendix

Appendix

List of voucher specimens.

Voucher specimens are deposited in the following herbaria: EAC = Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; HUEFS = Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil; K = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom; UVA = Herbarium of the Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará. Population codes are given in bold.

Monstera adansonii Schott var. klotzschiana (Schott) Madison

KBAR: Brazil, Bahia, Serra da Copioba: I. M. Andrade 2771 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2772 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2783 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2784 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 1996 (HUEFS).

KBAS: Brazil, Bahia, Ubaitaba: I. M. Andrade 2075 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2077 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 2078 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2079 (HUEFS).

KCEma: Brazil, Ceará, Maranguape: I. M. Andrade 867 (UVA).

KCEpa: Brazil, Ceará, Pacatuba: I. M. Andrade 685 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 706 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 707 (HUEFS).

KCEub: Brazil, Ceará, São Benedito: I. M. Andrade 602 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 605 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 2613 (HUEFS). Ubajara: I. M. Andrade 2677 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2680 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2709 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2722 (HUEFS).

KESli: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares: I. M. Andrade 1618 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 1622 (EAC), I. M. Andrade 1628 (EAC).

KESst: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Tereza: I. M. Andrade 764 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 767 (HUEFS).

KFG: French Guiana, Petit Saut: I. M. Andrade 2800 (EAC, HUEFS, K), I. M. Andrade 2802 (EAC, HUEFS, K).

KPA: Pará, Acará: I. M. Andrade 2385 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2388 (HUEFS).

KPER: Brazil, Pernambuco, Recife: I. M. Andrade 1881 (HUEFS).

KRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Vista Chinesa: I. M. Andrade 2222 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2228 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2230 (HUEFS).

KSP: Brazil, São Paulo, Bertioga: I. M. Andrade 2121 (HUEFS), I. M. Andrade 2137 (HUEFS).

Monstera adansonii Schott var. laniata (Schott) Madison

LBAIlh: Brazil, Bahia, Ilhéus, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC): I. M. Andrade 1983 (UVA).

LBAUb: Brazil, Bahia, Ubaitaba: I. M. Andrade 1962 (UVA).

LFG: French Guiana, Cayenne: I. M. Andrade 2815 (K).

LPET: Brazil, Pernambuco, Tapacurá: I. M. Andrade 1933 (UVA).

Monstera praetermissa E. G. Gonç. & Temponi

PBAR: Brazil, Bahia, Serra da Copioba: I. M. Andrade 2740 (UVA).

PCEbat: Brazil, Ceará, Serra de Baturité, I. M. Andrade s.n. (UVA).

PCEib: Brazil, Ceará, Ibiapina, I. M. Andrade 2529 (UVA).

PCEub: Brazil, Ceará, Ubajara, I. M. Andrade 2630 (UVA).

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Andrade, I.M., Mayo, S.J., Kirkup, D. et al. Comparative morphology of populations of Monstera Adans. (Araceae) from natural forest fragments in Northeast Brazil using elliptic Fourier Analysis of leaf outlines. Kew Bull 63, 193–211 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-008-9032-z

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