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Yeast exopolysaccharides and their physiological functions

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Abstract

Mounting evidence indicated the capability of various microorganisms in biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPSs). A wide range of evidence extensively investigated the ability of bacterial species for EPS synthesis and their favorable effects, so little is known regarding yeast species. Many factors like composition of growth media and fermentation conditions are related to the structural and physical properties of EPSs. The EPS protects the producer yeast strain against extreme environment. Researchers proposed that yeast EPSs have priority over bacterial EPSs because of high yields of EPS biosynthesis and easy separation methods from growth media. Besides, they have drawn increasing attention due to their interesting biological activities, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics applications. Although a limited number of studies exist, this review aims to highlight the EPS structure and various applications of known yeast species in detail.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EPSs:

Exopolysaccharides

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

GRAS:

Generally recognized as safe

HePS:

Heteropolysaccharide

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HMW:

High molecular weight

HoPS:

Homopolysaccharide

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IL:

Interleukin

IUPAC-IUB:

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-International Union of Biochemistry

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Funding

The authors received financial support from the Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (part of Ph.D. thesis, grant No. 1396.09.28, 5D.606013) and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) (grant number: 97011018).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Yalda Rahbar Saadat & Bahram Pourghassem Gargari

  2. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi

  3. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Bahram Pourghassem Gargari

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  1. Yalda Rahbar Saadat
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  2. Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
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B.P.G and A.Y.K. contributed to the study conception and design. Y.R.S. drafted the manuscript. All authors read and gave final approval of the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bahram Pourghassem Gargari.

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Rahbar Saadat, Y., Yari Khosroushahi, A. & Pourghassem Gargari, B. Yeast exopolysaccharides and their physiological functions. Folia Microbiol 66, 171–182 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00856-2

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