Abstract
The occurrence of Vibrio cholerae, an important aquatic pathogen, was assessed in the surface water of the Danube River near Bratislava. The isolates were distinguished by biochemical tests and grouped by ARDRA to three clusters corresponding to three species (V. cholerae, Vibrio metschnikovii, and Aeromonas spp.). The identification of V. cholerae was confirmed by multiplex PCR using primer pairs targeted to ompW gene (membrane protein), ctxA gene (toxicity gene), and toxR gene (regulatory gene). None from the isolated V. cholerae from surface water contained ctxA gene; seven of them possessed toxR gene. Serotyping of V. cholerae isolates with polyvalent O antiserum and O/139 antiserum was negative. All isolates of V. cholerae were susceptible to chloramphenicol, rifampicin, tetracycline, variable to ampicillin, and resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albert MJ, Siddique AK, Islam MS, Faruque SG, Ansaruzzaman M, Faruque SM, Sack RB (1993) Large outbreak of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in Bangladesh. Lancet 341:704
CLSI (2007) Performance standards for antimicrobiol susceptibility testing. 17th Informational Supplement: CLSI document M100-S17. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, Wayne
Colwell RR, MacDonell MT, de Ley J (1986) Proposal to recognize the family Aeromonadaceae fam.nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 36:473–477
Damian M, Koblavi S, Carle I, Nacescu N, Grimont F, Ciufecu C, Grimont PAD (1998) Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Romania. Res Microbiol 149:745–755
Ďurkovský J (1978) Methodology for detection and diagnosis of the genus Vibrio from municipal wastewater and surface water. Acta Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol S10:58–60, in Slovak
Ďurkovský J, Rosinský J (1975) Bacteriological observation of the genus Aeromonas and Vibrio in the municipal waste waters. Českosl Hyg 3:126–134, in Slovak
Ďurkovský J, Rosinský J, Polák M, Zámbóová E (1989) Contribution to the study of ecology of the genus Vibrio. Final report of the sub-tasks no. 42-01-06. Ministry of Health of Slovak Republic, Bratislava, in Slovak
Farmer JJ, Arduino MJ, Hickman-Brenner FW (2003) The genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas. In: Balows A, Truper HG, Dworkin M, Harder W, Schleifer KH (eds) The Prokaryotes, 2nd edn. Springer, London, pp 3013–3045
Huhulescu SA, Indra A, Stoeger A, Ruppitsch W, Sarkar B, Allerberger F (2007) Occurence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups other than O1 and O139 in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119:235–241
Israil A, Nacescu N, Cedru C, Ciufecu C, Damian M (1998) Changes in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Romania during 1977–95. Epidemiol Infect 121:253–258
Israil A, Delcaru C, Balotescu Chifiriuc MC (2009) Impact of different parameters upon the expression of certain virulence factors of nonhalophilic and halophilic Vibrio strains. Rom Biotechnol Lett 14:4545–4559
Kaper JB, Morris JG, Levine M (1995) Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev 8:48–86
Karaolis DK, Lan R, Reeves PR (1995) The six and seventh cholera pandemics are due to independent clones separately derived from environmental, nontoxigenics, non-O1 Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 177:3191–3198
Karaolis DK, Johnson JA, Bailey CC, Boedeker EC, Kaper JB, Reeves PR (1998) Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:3134–3139
Keasler SP, Hall RH (1993) Detecting and biotyping Vibrio cholerae O1 with multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Lancet 341:1661
Kirschner AKT, Schlesinger J, Farnleitner HA, Hornek R, Süss B, Golda B, Herzig A, Reitner B (2008) Rapid growth of planktonic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains in a large alkaline lake in Austria: dependence on temperature and dissolved organic carbon quality. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2004–2015
Kovach ME, Shaffer MD, Peterson KM (1996) A putative integrase gene defines the distal end of large cluster of ToxR-regulated colonization genes in Vibrio cholerae. Microbiology 142:2165–2174
Lane DJ (1991) 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In: Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M (eds) Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics. Wiley, New York
Miller VL, Taylor RK, Mekalanos JJ (1987) Cholera toxin transcriptional activator ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell 48:271–279
Nair GB, Oku Y, Takeda Y, Ghosh A, Ghosh R, Chattopadhyay S, Pal SC, Kaper JB, Takeda T (1988) Toxin profiles of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from environmental sources in Calcutta, India. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:3180–3182
Nandi B, Nandy RK, Murkohopadhyay S, Nair GB, Shimada T, Ghose A (2000) Rapid method for species-specific identification of Vibrio cholerae using primers targeted to the gene of outer membrane protein OmpW. J Clin Microbiol 38:4145–4151
Nel LH, Markotter W (2004) Emerging infectious waterborne diseases. In: Cloete TE, Rose J, Nel LH, Ford T (eds) Microbial Waterborne Pathogens. IWA Publ., London
Prokšová M, Harichová J, Sládeková D, Ferianc P, Tóth D (2002) Occurrence of the groups of fecal indicators and of facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rods within bacterial assemblages of the Danube and the Morava river waters. Biologia 57:335–343
Provenzano D, Schuhmacher DA, Barker JL, Klose KE (2000) The virulence regulatory protein ToxR mediates enhanced bile resistance in Vibrio cholerae and other pathogenic Vibrio species. Infect Immun 68:1491–1497
Ramamurthy TS, Garg S, Sharma R, Bhattachary ASK, Nair GB, Shimada T, Takeda T, Karasawa T, Kurazano H, Pal A, Takeda Y (1993) Emergence of novel strain of Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential in southern and eastern India. Lancet 341:703–704
Sears CL, Kaper JB (1996) Enteric bacterial toxins: mechanisms of action and linkage to intestinal secretion. Microbiol Rev 60:167–215
Sharma C, Thungapathra M, Ghosh A, Mukhopadhyay K, Basu A, Mitra R, Basu I, Bhattachary ASK, Shimada T, Ramamurthy T, Takeda T, Yamasaki S, Takeda Y, Nair GB (1998) Molecular analysis of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae associated with an unusual upsurge in the incidence of cholera-like disease in Calcutta, India. J Clin Microbiol 36:756–763
Taylor RK, Miller VL, Furlong DB, Mekalanos JJ (1987) Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2833–2837
Thompson FL, Iida T, Swings J (2004) Biodiversity of Vibrios. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68:403–431
Tudor L, Ţogoe I, Mitrănescu E, Furnaris F (2007) The estimation of waters contamination by non-choleric Vibrio species. Bull USA MV-CN 64:332–336
Waldor MK, Mekalanos JJ (1996) Lysogenic conversion by filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin. Science 272:1910–1913
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by APVV-0032-06 (Slovak Research and Developmental Agency) and VEGA 1/0117/09 (Slovak Grant Agency of Science) grants.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seman, M., Prokšová, M., Rosinský, J. et al. Isolation, identification, and characterization of Vibrio cholerae from the Danube River in Slovakia. Folia Microbiol 57, 191–197 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-012-0116-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-012-0116-7