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Numerical Study of the Damage Behavior of Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composite Laminates under Low-velocity Impact

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Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials are widely employed in aircraft structures due to their high specific strength and high specific modulus. However, the poor impact resistance of carbon fiber reinforced composites creates challenges for aircraft design and maintenance. The introduction of a layer of glass fibers in the hybrid composites can effectively improve the impact performance of the composite laminate. In this work, finite element models for low-velocity impact of carbon fiber laminate and glass fiber laminate are established and validated. A VUMAT subroutine in Abaqus is implemented to evaluate the progressive damage of the composite materials, and a cohesive-zone model is employed to simulate the interface failure behavior. The impact resistance of hybrid composite laminates is systematically studied based on the results of the finite element simulation. Ten different hybrid configurations are studied and compared with a composite laminate having a single type of fiber reinforcement. The numerical results for the global mechanical response, damage modes and characteristics are extracted and systematically discussed. The results suggest that laminates having carbon fiber layers on the top and bottom surfaces with glass fiber layers between them perform the best in terms of energy absorption. When the glass fiber layers are used for the top and bottom surfaces with carbon fiber layers as the core, the presence of a carbon fiber layer with a ±45 ° orientation can help to reduce the damage area.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11772267), the 111 Project (Grant No. BP0719007), and the Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program for International Cooperation and Exchanges (Grant No. 2019KW-020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China

    Chenxu Zhang & Chao Zhang

  2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China

    Chenxu Zhang & Chao Zhang

  3. Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China

    Chenxu Zhang & Chao Zhang

  4. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Jia Huang

  5. Structural Integrity & Composites Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology Kluyverweg 1, 2629HS, Delft, Netherlands

    Xi Li

Authors
  1. Chenxu Zhang
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  2. Jia Huang
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  4. Chao Zhang
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Correspondence to Chao Zhang.

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Zhang, C., Huang, J., Li, X. et al. Numerical Study of the Damage Behavior of Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composite Laminates under Low-velocity Impact. Fibers Polym 21, 2873–2887 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-0026-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-0026-2

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