Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose with a High Degree of Substitution from Agricultural Wastes

  • Published:
Fibers and Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper describes the use of agricultural wastes for the preparation of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with a high degree of substitution using two methods: the classic and a microwave-assisted method. A series of CMC samples with degrees of substitution from 0.43 to 2.83 were prepared from cellulose extracted from almond shells, almond stems, and fig stems by a one-step carboxymethylation reaction. The highest degree of substitution was 2.83, which corresponded to CMC from fig stems when butanol was used as a solvent. This CMC was easily dissolved in water and thus would provide many opportunities for diverse applications. The obtained CMCs were characterized using different tools. Different CMC films were prepared using the casting method and were characterized by the determination of their mechanical properties. The obtained results can be considered promising; they demonstrate the potential of using cellulose derivatives for the production of transparent and strong films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Khiari, M.-C. Brochier-Salon, M. F. Mhenni, E. Mauret, and M. N. Belgacem, ChemSusChem, 9, 2143 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. Khiari, M.-C. B. Salon, M. F. Mhenni, E. Mauret, and M. N. Belgacem, Carbohydr. Polym., 163, 254 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Y. Lee, J. N. Im, T. H. Kim, D. J. Chung, and S. J. Doh, Fiber. Polym., 16, 726 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Khiari, M. F. Mhenni, M. N. Belgacem, and E. Mauret, J. Polym. Environ., 19, 80 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. L. Hassan, R. E. A. Zeid, S. M. Fadel, M. El Sakhawy, and R. Khiari, Int. J. Nanoparticles, 7, 261 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. El Gendy, R. Khiari, F. Bettaieb, N. Marlin, and A. Dufresne, Appl. Clay Sci., 101, 626 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Mansouri, R. Khiari, F. Bettaieb, A. A. El-Gendy, and F. Mhenni, J. Polym. Environ., 23, 190 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Khiari, S. Dridi-Dhaouadi, C. Aguir, and M. F. Mhenni, J. Environ. Sci., 22, 1539 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Bidgoli, A. Zamani, A. Jeihanipour, and M. J. Taherzadeh, Fiber. Polym., 15, 431 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Sheikh, I. Bramhecha, and M. D. Teli, Fiber. Polym., 16, 1113 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Zhao, F. Cheng, G. Li, and J. Zhang, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 52, 749 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X. He, S. Wu, D. Fu, and J. Ni, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 84, 427 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Kukrety, R. K. Singh, P. Singh, and S. S. Ray, Waste Biomass Valori., 9, 1587 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Richardson and L. Gorton, Anal. Chim. Acta, 497, 27 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Zhang, J.-K. Wang, W.-J. Liu, and F.-Y. Li, Fiber. Polym., 16, 2308 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. I. Moussa, N. Baaka, R. Khiari, A. Moussa, G. Mortha, and M. F. Mhenni, J. Renew. Mater., 6, 55 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Naili, A. Jelidi, O. Limam, and R. Khiari, Ind. Crops Prod., 107, 172 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Khiari, M. F. Mhenni, M. N. Belgacem, and E. Mauret, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 775 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. I. Moussa, R. Khiari, A. Moussa, R. E. Abouzeid, M. F. Mhenni, and F. Malek, Egypt. J. Chem., 62, 343 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  20. I. Moussa, R. Khiari, A. Moussa, M. F. Mhenni, and M. Naceur Belgacem, Cellul. Chem. Technol, 52, 841 (2018).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Aguir and M. F. M’Henni, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 1808 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H. Toğrul and N. Arslan, Carbohydr. Polym., 54, 73 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J. X. Sun, F. Xu, X. F. Sun, R. C. Sun, and S. B. Wu, Polym. Int., 53, 1711 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. P. Adinugraha, D. W. Marseno, and Haryadi, Carbohydr. Polym., 62, 164 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K. O. Reddy, C. Uma Maheswari, E. Muzenda, M. Shukla, and A. V. Rajulu, J. Nat. Fibers, 13, 54 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. Suryanto, E. Marsyahyo, Y. S. Irawan, and R. Soenoko, J. Nat. Fibers, 11, 333 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Segal, J. J. Creely, A. E. Martin, and C. M. Conrad, Text. Res. J., 29, 786 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. R. K. Singh and A. K. Singh, Waste Biomass Valori., 4, 129 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. I. Gulati, J. Park, S. Maken, and M.-G. Lee, Fiber. Polym., 15, 680 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. X. Lin, Y. Li, Z. Chen, C. Zhang, X. Luo, X. Du, and Y. Huang, Chem. Eng. J., 215–216, 709 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. L. H. Cheng, A. Abd Karim, and C. C. Seow, Food Chem., 107, 411 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Li, J. Fei, Y. Cai, Y. Li, J. Feng, and J. Yao, Carbohydr. Polym., 76, 94 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UR13 ES 63 - Research Unit of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia

    Ibtissem Moussa, Ramzi Khiari & Mohamed Farouk Mhenni

  2. National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia

    Ibtissem Moussa & Ali Moussa

  3. Department of Textile Engineering, Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Ksar Hellal, University of Monastir, Ksar-Hellal, 5070, Tunisia

    Ramzi Khiari

  4. CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France

    Ramzi Khiari & Mohamed Naceur Belgacem

  5. Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Ksar-Hellal, 5070, Tunisia

    Ali Moussa

Authors
  1. Ibtissem Moussa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ramzi Khiari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Moussa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mohamed Farouk Mhenni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramzi Khiari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Moussa, I., Khiari, R., Moussa, A. et al. Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose with a High Degree of Substitution from Agricultural Wastes. Fibers Polym 20, 933–943 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8665-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8665-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation