Skip to main content
Log in

Classification of Quadratic Harmonic Maps of \(S^{7}\) into \(S^{7}\)

  • Published:
The Journal of Geometric Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A complete classification of full quadratic harmonic maps of the seven-sphere \(S^7\) into itself is obtained. It is shown that any full quadratic harmonic map of the seven-sphere \(S^7\) into itself is equivalent to either the gradient map of the cubic isoparametric polynomial of \(\acute{\hbox {E}}.\) Cartan or a map depending only on one parameter. The components of the map in the latter case are explicitly given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barbosa, J.: On minimal immersions of \(S^{2}\) into \(S^{2m}\). Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 210, 75–106 (1975)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Calabi, E.: Minimal immersions of surfaces in Euclidean spheres. J. Differ. Geom. 1, 111–125 (1967a)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Calabi, E.: Quelques applications de l’analyse complexe aux surfaces d’aire minima. In: Topics in Complex Manifolds, pp. 59–81. University of Montreal, Montreal (1967b)

  4. Din, A.M., Zakrzewski, W.J.: General classical solutions in the \(\mathbb{C}P^{n+1}\) model. Nucl. Phys. B 174, 397–406 (1980)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Ding, W.: Symmetric harmonic maps between spheres. Commun. Math. Phys. 118, 641–649 (1988)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Eells, J., Lemaire, L.: Selected topics in harmonic maps. In: Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, number 50. AMS (1982)

  7. Eells, J., Lemaire, L.: Two Reports on Harmonic Maps. World Scientific, London (1995)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Eells, J., Ratto, A.: Harmonic maps and minimal immersions with symmetries. In: Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 130. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1993)

  9. Eells, J., Sampson, J.H.: Harmonic mappings of Riemannian Manifolds. Am. J. Math. 86, 109–160 (1964)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Eells, J., Wood, J.C.: Harmonic maps from surfaces to complex projective spaces, Warwick preprint. Adv. Math. 49, 217–263 (1983)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Gauchman, H., Toth, G.: Constructions of harmonic polynomial maps between spheres. Geom. Dedicata 50(1), 57–79 (1994)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Gauchman, H., Toth, G.: Normed bilinear pairings for semi-Euclidean spaces near the Hurwitz–Radon range. Results Math. 30, 276–301 (1996)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Glaser, V., Stora, R.: Regular solutions of the \(\mathbb{C}P^{n}\) models and further generalizations. CERN, preprint (1980)

  14. He, H.X., Ma, H., Xu, F.: On eigenmaps between spheres. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 35(3), 344–354 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Hisang, W-c: A note on free differentiable actions of \(S^1\) and \(S^3\) on homotopy spheres. Ann. Math. 83(2), 266–272 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kitada, Y.: On the first Pontryagin class of homotopy complex projective spaces. Math. Slovaca 62(3), 551–566 (2012)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Milnor, J.W., Stasheff, J.D.: Characteristic classes. In: Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 76. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1974)

  18. Parker, M.: Orthogonal multiplications in small dimensions. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 15(4), 368–372 (1983)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Peng, C.K., Tang, Z.Z.: Harmonic maps from spheres to spheres. Topology 37, 39–44 (1998)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Pettinati, V., Ratto, A.: Existence and non-existence results for harmonic maps between spheres. Ann. SNS Pisa IV 17, 273–282 (1990)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Sacks, J., Uhlenbeck, K.: The existence of minimal immersions of two spheres. Ann. Math. 113, 1–24 (1981)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Shapiro, D.B.: Compositions of quadratic forms. In: de Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics, vol. 33. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin (2000)

  23. Smith, R.T.: Harmonic mappings of spheres. Am. J. Math. 97, 364–385 (1975)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Toth, G.: Classification of quadratic harmonic maps of \(S^3\) into spheres. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 36(2), 231–239 (1987)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Toth, G.: Harmonic maps and minimal immersions through representation theory. In: Perspectives in Mathematics, vol. 12. Academic Press, Boston (1990)

  26. Toth, G.: Mappings of moduli space for harmonic eigenmaps and minimal immersions between spheres. J. Math. Soc. Jpn. 44(2), 179–198 (1992)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Toth, G.: Infinitesimal rotations of isometric minimal immersions between spheres. Am. J. Math. 122, 117–152 (2000)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Toth, G.: Finite Möbius Groups, Minimal Immersions of Spheres, and Moduli, Universitext. Springer, New York (2002)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. Tang, Z.Z.: New Constructions of eigenmaps between spheres. Int. J. Math. 12(3), 277–288 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Wood, R.: Polynomial maps between spheres. Invent. Math. 5, 163–168 (1968)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Wu, F.E., Zhao, X.N.: Non-existence of quadratic harmonic maps of \(S^{4}\) into \(S^{5}\) or \(S^{6}\). Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 141(3), 1083–1091 (2013)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. Yiu, P.: Quadratic forms between spheres and the non-existence of sums of squares formulae. Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 100(3), 493–504 (1986)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The original version of this paper was completed after his stay at the Polytechnic Institute of NYU of the first author as a visiting scholar. He wishes to thank the Department of Mathematics of Polytech for its hospitality. The authors thank the referee’s careful reading and providing references [12, 28] and informing the authors that the result of Lemma 3 is available in [12]. The first author is supported by NSFC number 11171016.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Faen Wu.

Additional information

Communicated by Jiri Dadok.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, F., Xiong, Y. & Zhao, X. Classification of Quadratic Harmonic Maps of \(S^{7}\) into \(S^{7}\) . J Geom Anal 25, 1992–2010 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-014-9501-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-014-9501-6

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification (2010)

Navigation