Abstract
The frontal northern part of the continental Adriatic microplate is formed by a stack of Austroalpine nappes and by the Southalpine basement and cover units. Both basement portions are now side by side, separated by the Periadriatic (Insubric) fault system, but they became juxtaposed only during the Alpine orogeny. Permian HT-LP metamorphism is now recognised also within the Austroalpine basement of the eastern Alps, whilst it was known since long in the Southalpine basement. High thermal heat flow responsible for HT-LP metamorphism is related to the extensional tectonics and lithospheric thinning during the Permian and by concurrent magmatic underplating. During the Variscan orogeny, eclogite facies metamorphism is documented within the Ötztal and the Silvretta basements (350 Ma), as well as within the Nonsberg-Ulten unit (336 Ma). The HP events in the Ötztal and the Silvretta basements correlate temporarily with the closure of the Rheic Ocean between the Hanseatic and the Galatian terranes. Docking of the Galatian-Hanseatic composite terrane with Laurussia resulted in large-scale strike-slip tectonics and potentially in the formation of mega-folds (“Schlingen”) within the Austroalpine basement during the Visean. Palaeo-Tethys ridge subduction may be responsible for fast decompression and isobaric heating documented within the Ötztal basement. The Palaeozoic sedimentary sequences of the Austroalpine and the Southalpine phyllitic complexes testify that from Silurian to Devonian, both basement portions were in a passive margin position. During the Cambrian–Ordovician, the Austroalpine basement occupied a position along the leading edge of Gondwana facing the Proto-Tethys Ocean. The compositional variation of the intruded granitic suites confirm an evolution from a magmatic arc towards a collisional-type geodynamic setting related to the closure of the previously opened back-arc basins.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bigi G et al (1990) Structural model of Italy, sheets 1 and 2. CNR, Geodynamic Project
Borsi S, Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1973) Metamorphic evolution of the Austridic rocks to the south of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps): radiometric and geopetrologic data. Mem Soc Geol Ital 12:549–571
Borsi S, Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zanferrari A, Zirpoli G (1978) New geopetrologic and radiometric data on the Alpine history of the Austridic continental margin south of the Tauern Window. Mem Ist Geol Mineral Univ Padova 32:1–17
Borsi S, Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1980a) New petrographic and radiometric data on the Ötztal and Stubai orthogneisses (Eastern Alps). Neues Jb Miner Mh 2:75–87
Borsi S, Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Visonà D, Zirpoli G (1980b) On the existence of Hercynian aplites and pegmatites in the lower Aurina Valley (Ahrntal, Austrides, Eastern Alps). Neues Jb Miner Mh 11:501–514
Bucher J, Dal Piaz GV, Oberhänsli R, Gouffon Y, Martinotti G, Polino R (2004) Blatt 1347-Matterhorn, Erläuterungen. Atlas géol. Suisse 1:25.000. Serv Hydrol Géol Nat 107:73 pp (Berne)
Burg JP, van den Driessche J, Brun JP (1994) Syn- to post-thickening extension in the Variscan belt of Western Europe. Modes and structural consequences. Géol France 3:33–51
Bussy F, Sartori M, Thélin P (1996) U–Pb zircon dating in the middle Penninic basement of the Western Alps (Valais, Switzerland) Schweiz. Mineral Petr Mitt 76:81–84
Castellarin A, Nicolich R, Fantoni R, Cantelli L, Sella M, Selli L (2006) Structure of the lithosphere beneath the Eastern Alps (southern sector of the TRANSALP transect). Tectonophysics 414:259–282
Cesare B, Rubatto D, Hermann J, Barzi L (2002) Evidence for Late Carboniferous subduction-type magmatism in mafic–ultramafic cumulates of the SW Tauern Window (Eastern Alps). Contrib Mineral Petrol 142:449–464
Dal Piaz GB (1934) Studi geologici sull’Alto Adige orientale e regioni limitrofe. Mem Ist Geol R Univ Padova 10:(1932–1934), X:1–242
Dal Piaz GV (1993) Evolution of Austro-Alpine and Upper Penninic basement in the northwestern Alps from Variscan convergence to post-Variscan extension. In:Von Raumer J, Neubauer F (ed) Pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps, Springer, pp 327–344
Dal Piaz GV, Martin S (1998) Evoluzione litosferica e magmatismo nel dominio austro-sudalpino dall’orogenesi varisica al rifting permo-mesozoico. Mem Soc Geol It 53:43–62
Dal Piaz GV, Martin S, Villa I, Gosso G, Marschalko R (1995) Late Jurassic blueschist facies pebbles from the Western Carpathian orogenic wedge and paleostructural implications for Western Tethys evolution. Tectonics 14:874–885
Dal Piaz GV, Bistacchi A, Massironi M (2003) Geological outline of the Alps. Episodes 26(3):175–180
Dallmeyer RD, Neubauer F (1994) 40Ar/39Ar age of detrital muscovites, Carnic Alps: evidence for a Cadomian linkage in the Eastern Alps. J Geol Soc London 151:591–598
Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1982) New radiometric data on the Alpine thermal history in the Oetztal-Merano area (Eastern Alps). Mem Sci Geol 35:319–325
Dieni I, Giordano D, Loydell DK, Sassi FP (2005) Discovery of Llandovery (Silurian) graptolites and probable Devonian corals in the Southalpine Metamorphic Basement of the Eastern Alps (Agordo, NE Italy). Geol Mag 143:1–5
Dieni I, Giordano D, Sassi FP (2006) Silurian and Devonian boudins within the Southalpine Metamorphic Basement of the Agordo Area (Eastern Alps) Atti Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Atti Cl. Scienze Fis. Mat Nat 164:7–44
Eichhorn R, Loth G, Höll R, Finger F, Schermaier A, Kennedy A (2000) Multistage Variscan magmatism in the central Tauern Window (Austria) unveiled by U/Pb SHRIMP zircon data. Contrib Mineral Petrol 139(4):418–435
Faupl P, Wagreich M (1996) Basin analysis of the Gosau Group of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Turonian-Eocene, Eastern Alps). In: Wessely G, Liebl W (Eds) Oil and Gas in Alpidic Thrust Belts and Basins of Central and Eastern Europe. EAGE Spec Publ 5:127–135
Frank W, Schlager W (2006) Jurassic strike slip versus subduction in the Eastern Alps. Int J Earth Sci 95:431–450. doi:10.1007/s00531-005-0045-7
Froitzheim N, Conti P, van Daalen M (1997) Late Cretaceous, synorogenic, low-angle normal faulting along the Schlinig fault (Switzerland, Italy, Austria) and its significance for the tectonics of the Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics 280:267–293
Genser J, Neubauer F (1989) Low angle normal faults at the eastern margin of the Tauern window (Eastern Alps). Mitt Österr Geol Ges 81:233–243
Gregnanin A, Sassi FP (1969) Magmatismo, feldspatizzazione e metamorfismo nel complesso gneissico-migmatitico di Parcines (Alto Adige). Mem. Museo Tridentino Sci Nat 18:57–129
Guillot S, Ménot RP (2009) Paleozoic evolution of the external crystalline Massifs of the Western Alps. C R Geosci 341:253–265
Guillot S, Ménot RP, Lardeaux JM (1992) Tectonique intra-océanique distensive dans l’ophiolite paléozoïque de Chamrousse (Alpes occidentales). Bull Soc Geol France 163:229–240
Handy MR, Schmid SM, Bousquet R, Kissling E, Bernoulli D (2010) Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the geological-geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps. Earth-Sci Rev. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.002
Hoinkes G, Kostner A, Thöni M (1991) Petrologic constraints for Eoalpine eclogite facies metamorphism in the Austroalpine Ötztal Basement. Min Petrol 43:237–254
Hoinkes G, Thöni M, Lichem C, Bernhard F, Kaindl R, Schweigl J, Tropper P, Cosca M (1997) Metagranitoids and associated metasediments as indicators for the pre-Alpine magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the western Ötztal Basement (Kaunertal, Tirol). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 77:299–314
Hoinkes G, Koller F, Rantitsch G, Dachs E, Höck V, Neubauer F, Schuster R (1999) Alpine metamorphism of the Eastern Alps. Schweiz Mineral Petr Mitt 79:155–181
Kalvacheva R, Sassi FP, Zanferrari A (1986) Acritarch evidence for the Cambrian age of phyllites in the Agordo area (South-Alpine basement of the Eastern Alps, Italy). Rev Palaeobotany Palynology 48:311–336
Klötzli U, Mair V, Bargossi GM (2003) The “Bozener Quarzporphyr” (Southern Alps, Italy): single zircon U/Pb age evidence for 10 million years of magmatic activity in the Lower Permian. Mitt Österr Mineral Ges 148:187–188
Klötzli-Chowanetz E (2001) Migmatite des Őtztalkristallins-Petrologie und Geochronologie. PhD thesis, University of Vienna, 155 pp
Klötzli-Chowanetz E, Klötzli US, Koller F (1997) Lower Ordovician migmatisation in the Őtztal crystalline basement (Eastern Alps, Austria): linking U–Pb and Pb–Pb dating with zircon morphology. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 77:315–324
Konzett J, Hoinkes G (1996) Paragonite–hornblende assemblages and their petrological significance: an example from the Austroalpine Schneeberg Complex, South Tyrol. Italy J Metam Geol 14:85–101
Kurz W, Handler R, Bertoldi C (2008) Tracing the exhumation of the Eclogite Zone (Tauern Window, Eastern Alps) by 40Ar/39Ar dating of white mica in eclogites. Swiss J Geosci 101(Suppl 1):191–206
Ladenhauf C, Armstrong R, Konzett J, Miller C (2001) The timing of pre-Alpine high pressure metamorphism in the Eastern Alps: constraints from U–Pb SHRIMP dating of eclogite zircons from the Austroalpine Silvretta nappe. J Conf Abstracts (EUG XI) 6:600
Lammerer B, Weger M (1998) Footwall uplift in an orogenic wedge: the Tauern Window in the Eastern Alps of Europe. Tectonophysics 285:213–230
Liebetreu V (1996) Petrographie, Geochemie und Datierungen der “Flüelagranitischen Assoziation” (sog. Jüngere Orthogneise) des Silvrettakristallins Graubünden. PhD Thesis, University of Fribourg, 233 pp
Liu Y, Genser J, Handler R, Friedl G, Neubauer F (2001) 40Ar/39Ar muscovite ages from the Penninic-Austroalpine plate boundary, Eastern Alps. Tectonics 20(4):526–547
Loeschke J, Heinisch H (1993) Palaeozoic volcanism of the Eastern Alps and its palaeotectonic significance. In: von Raumer JF, Neubauer F (eds) The pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, pp 441–455
Mancktelow NS, Stöckli DF, Grollimund B, Müller W, Fügenschuh B, Viola G, Seward D, Villa IM (2001) The DAV Line and Periadriatic fault system in the Eastern Alps south of the Tauern window. Int J Earth Sci 90:593–622
Mandl GW (2000) The Alpine sector of the Tethyan shelf—examples of Triassic to Jurassic sedimentation and deformation from the Northern Calcareous Alps. Mitt Österr Geol Ges 92:61–77
Maniar PD, Piccoli PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Bull Geol Soc Am 101:635–643
Martin S, Bigazzi G, Zattin M, Viola G, Balestrieri ML (1998) Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie fault (Central-Eastern Alps, Italy): new apatite fission-track data. Terra Nova 10–4:217–221
Mazzoli C, Sassi R (1992) New chemical data on the Upper Ordovician acidic plutonism in the Austrides of the Eastern Alps. In: Carmignani L, Sassi FP (eds) Contributions to the geology of Italy with special regard to the Palaeozoic basements. IGCP International Geological Correlation Program No. 276. Newsletter 5:263–277
Mazzoli C, Sassi R, Burlini L, Cesare B, Peruzzo L, Spiess R, Sassi FP (2003) The abundance of 55 elements and petrovolumetric models of the crust in the Aurina and Pusteria valleys (site 4). In: The abundance of 55 elements and petrovolumetric models of the crust in 10 type areas from the crystalline basements of Italy, with some geophysical and petrophysical data. Scritti e Documenti Accad Naz Sci Dei Xl 32:197–251. ISSN: 0391-4666
Melcher F, Meisel T (2004) A metamorphosed Early Cambrian crustal–mantle transition in the eastern Alps, Austria. J Petrol 45:1689–1723
Meli S (1998) Pre-Variscan volcanic activity in the Eastern Alps: the Southalpine porphyroids. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 78:415–432
Meli S, Klötzli US (2001) Evidence for Lower Paleozoic magmatism in the eastern Southalpine basement: zircon geochronology from Comelico «porphyroids». Schweiz Miner Petrogr Mitt 81(2):147–157
Meli S, Sassi R (2003) Petrography, age and geochemistry of the buried Venice Granodiorite (Northern Italy). Schweiz Miner Petr Mitt 83:57–61
Ménot RP, Peucat JJ, Scarenzi D, Piboule M (1988) 496 Ma age of plagiogranites in the Chamrousse ophiolite complex (external crystalline massifs in the French Alps): evidence of a lower paleozoic oceanization. Earth Planet Sci Lett 88:82–92
Miller C, Thöni M (1995) Origin of eclogites from the Austroalpine Ötztal basement (Tirol, Austria): geochemistry and Sm–Nd vs Rb–Sr isotope systematics. Chem Geol 122:199–225
Müller B, Klötzli U, Schaltegger U, Flisch M (1996) Early Cambrian oceanic plagiogranite in the Silvretta nappe eastern Alps: geochemical, zircon U–Pb and Rb–Sr data from garnet–hornblende–plagioclase gneisses. Geol Rundschau 85:822–831
Neubauer F (2002) Evolution of late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectonic elements in central and southeast European Alpine mountain belts: review and synthesis. Tectonophysics 352:87–103
Neubauer F, Sassi FP (1993) The Austroalpine quartzphyllites and related Palaeozoic Formations. In: von Raumer JF, Neubauer F (eds) The pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, pp 423–439
Neubauer F, Dallmeyer RD, Dunkl I, Schirnik D (1995) Late Cretaceous exhumation of the metamorphic Gleinalm dome, Eastern Alps: kinematics, cooling history and sedimentary response in a sinistral wrench corridor. Tectonophysics 242:79–89
Oberhänsli R, Bousquet R, Engi M, Goffé B, Gosso G, Handy M, Höck V, Koller F, Lardeaux J-M, Polino R, Rossi P, Schuster R, Schwartz S, Spalla MI (2004) Metamorphic structure of the Alps 1:1.000.000. Mitt Österr Mineral Ges 149:227–228
Pearce JA (1982) Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. In: Thorpe RS (ed) Andesites. Wiley, London, pp 525–548
Peccerillo A, Poli G, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G, Mezzacasa G (1979) New data on the Upper Ordovician acid plutonism in the Eastern Alps. N Jb Miner Abh 137(2):162–183
Prosser G (2000) The development of the North Giudicarie fault zone (Insubric line, Northern Italy). J Geodynam 30:229–250
Quick JF, Sinigoi S, Negrini I, Demarchi G, Mayer A (1992) Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone. Geology 20:613–616
Ratschbacher L (1986) Kinematics of Austroalpine cover nappes: changing translation path due to transpression. Tectonophysics 125:335–356
Ratschbacher L, Frisch W, Neubauer F, Schmid SM, Neugebauer J (1989) Extension in compressional orogenic belts: the Eastern Alps. Geology 17:404–407
Ratschbacher L, Frisch W, Linzer H-G, Merle O (1991) Lateral extrusion in the Eastern Alps. Part 2. Structural analysis. Tectonics 10:257–271
Rebay G, Spalla MI (2001) Emplacement at granulite facies conditions of the Sesia-Lanzo metagabbros: an early record of Permian rifting? Lithos 58:85–104
Ring U, Ratschbacher L, Frisch W (1988) Plate-boundary kinematics in the Alps: motion in the Arosa suture zone. Geology 16:696–698
Rosenberg CL, Brun J-P, Gapais D (2004) Indentation model of the Eastern Alps and the origin of the Tauern Window. Geology 32:997–1000
Rottura A, Del Moro A, Caggianelli A, Bargossi GM, Gasparotto G (1997) Petrogenesis of the Monte Croce granitoids in the context of Permian magmatism in the southern Alps. Italy Eur J Mineral 9:1293–1310
Sahabi M, Aslanian D, Olivet J-L (2004) Un nouveau point de départ pour l’histoire de l’Atlantique central. C R Geosci 336:1041–1052
Sassi FP (1972) The petrological and geological significance of the b0 values of potassic white micas in low-grade metamorphic rocks. An application to the Eastern Alps. Tschermaks Mineral Petrogr Mitt 18:105–113
Sassi FP, Zanferrari A (1972) Il significato geologico del Complesso di Thurntaler (Pusteria), con particolare riguardo alla successione di eventi metamorfici pre-Alpini nel basamento Austridico delle Alpi Orientali. Boll Soc Geol It 91:533–557
Sassi FP, Cavazzini G, Visonà D (1985) Radiometric geochronology in the Eastern Alps: results and problems. Rend Soc It Mineral Petrol 40:187–224
Sassi FP, Neubauer F, Mazzoli C, Sassi R, Spiess R, Zirpoli G (1994) A tentative comparison of the Paleozoic evolution of the Austroalpine and Southalpine quartzphyllites in the Eastern Alps. Per Min 63:35–52
Sassi R, Mazzoli C, Miller C, Konzett J (2004) Geochemistry and metamorphic evolution of the Pohorje Mountain eclogites from the easternmost Austroalpine Basement of the Eastern Alps (Northern Slovenia). Lithos 78:235–261
Sassi R, Dieni I, Sassi F (2008) Geo-petrographic data on the metamorphic rocks with Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian fossils in the Agordo Area (Southalpine Metamorphic Basement of The Eastern Alps, Italy). Bull Tethys Geol Soc Cairo 3:19–28
Satir M (1975) Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Westlichen Hohen Tauern und der Suedlichen Oetztalmasse auf Grund radiometrischer Altersbestimmungen. Mem Ist Geol Miner Univ Padova 30:82
Schaltegger U, Nägler ThN, Corfu F, Maggetti M, Galetti G, Stosch H (1997) A Cambrian island arc in the Silvretta nappe: constraints from geochemistry and geochronology. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 77:337–350
Schermaier A, Schindelmayr A, Finger F, Roberts M, Pin C (1998) Evidence for Early Palaeozoic subduction and arc–continent collision in the Ötztal-Silvretta Crystalline Basement (western Eastern Alps). Acta Univ Carol Geol 42:330–331
Schindlmayr A (1999) Granitoids and plutonic evolution of the Ötztal-Stubai Massif. PhD thesis, University of Salzburg, 287 pp
Schmid SM, Haas R (1989) Transition to near-surface thrusting to intrabasement decollement, Schlinig thrust, Eastern Alps. Tectonics 8:697–718
Schmid SM, Fügenschuh B, Lippitsch R (2003) The Western Alps–Eastern Alps transition: tectonics and deep structure. Mem Sci Geol 54:257–260
Schmid SM, Fügenschuh B, Kissling E, Schuster R (2004) Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen. Ecl Geol Helv 97:93–117
Schmidegg O (1936) Steilachsige Tektonik und Schlingenbau auf der Südseite der Tiroler Zentralalpen. Jahrb Geol BA Wien 86:115–149
Schönlaub HP (1992) Stratigraphy, biogeography and paleoclimatology of the Alpine Paleozoic and its implications for plate movements. Jb Geol B-A 135:381–418
Schönlaub HP (1993) Stratigraphy, biogeography and climatic relationships of the Alpine Palaeozoic. In: von Raumer JF, Neubauer F (eds) The pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, pp 65–92
Schönlaub HP (1997a) The biogeographic relationship of Ordovician strata and fossils of Austria. Ber Geol BA 40:6–19
Schönlaub HP (1997b) The Silurian of Austria. Ber Geol BA 40:20–41
Schulz B, Bombach K (2003) Single zircon Pb–Pb geochronology of the Early-Palaeozoic magmatic evolution in the Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window. JB Geol BA Wien 143:303–321
Schulz B, Siegesmund S, Steenken A, Schönhofer R, Heinrichs T (2001) Geologie des ostalpinen Kristallins südlich des Tauernfensters zwischen Virgental und Pustertal. Z Deut Geol Ges 152:261–307
Schulz B, Bombach K, Pawlig S, Brätz H (2004) Neoproterozoic to Early-Palaeozoic magmatic evolution in the Gondwana-derived Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps). Int J Earth Sci 93:824–843
Schulz B, Steenken A, Siegesmund S (2008) Geodynamic evolution of an Alpine terrane: the Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window as a part of the Adriatic Plate (Eastern Alps). Geol Soc London Spec Pub 298:5–44
Schuster R, Stüwe K (2008) Permian metamorphic event in the Alps. Geology 36:603–606
Schuster K, Berka R, Draganits E, Frank W, Schuster R (2001) Lithologien, Metamorphosegeschichte und tektonischer Bau der kristallinen Einheiten am Alpenostrand. Geologische Bundesanstalt, Arbeitstagung 2001
Schweigl J (1995) Neue geochronologische und isotopengeologische Daten zur voralpidischen Entwicklungsgeschichte im Ötztalkristallin (Ostalpen). Jb Geol Bundesanstalt 138:131–149
Selverstone J (1988) Evidence for East West Crustal Extension in the Eastern Alps: implications for the unroofing history of the Tauern Window. Tectonics 7:87–105
Sinigoi S, Quick JE, Clemens-Knott D, Mayer A (1994) Chemical evolution of a large mafic intrusion in the lower crust, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy. J Geophys Res 99:21575–21590
Spiess R (1991) High-pressure alteration of eclogites from the Austroalpine basement north of Merano-Meran (Eastern Alps). Eur J Mineral 3:895–898
Spiess R (1995) The Passeier-Jaufen Line: a tectonic boundary between Variscan and eo-Alpine Meran-Mauls basement. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 75:413–425
Spiess R, Bertolo B, Borghi A, Tinor Centi M (2001a) Crustal–mantle lithosphere decoupling as a control of the Variscan metamorphism within the Eastern Alps. Aust J Earth Sci 48:479–486
Spiess R, Marini M, Frank W, Marcolongo B, Cavazzini G (2001b) The kinematics of the Southern Passeier fault: radiometric and petrographic constraints. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 81:197–212
Stampfli GM (1996) The intra-Alpine terrain: a palaeo-tethyan remnant in the Alpine Variscides. Ecl Geol Helv 89:12–42
Stampfli GM (2000) Tethyan oceans. In: Bozkurt E, Winchester JA, Piper IDA (eds) Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and the surrounding area. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 173:1–23
Stampfli GM, Borel GD (2002) A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Earth Planet Sci Lett 196:17–33
Stampfli GM, Borel G (2004) The TRANSMED transect in space and time: constraints on the paleotectonic evolution of the Mediterranean domain. In: Cavazza W, Rour F, Spakman W, Stampfli GM, Ziegler PA (eds) The TRANSMED Atlas—the Mediterranean Region from Crust to Mantle. Springer, Berlin, pp 53–80
Stampfli GM, von Raumer JF, Borel G, Bussy F (2001) The Variscan and pre-Variscan evolution. In: Stampfli GM (ed) Geology of the Western Swiss Alps, a Guide-book. Mémoires de Géol (Lausanne) 36:28–41
Stampfli GM, von Raumer JF, Borel G (2002a) The Paleozoic evolution of pre-Variscan terranes: from Gondwana to the Variscan collision. In: Martinez Catalan JR, Hatcher RD Jr, Arenas R, Diaz Garcia F (eds) Variscan–Appalachian dynamics: the building of the Late Paleozoic Basement. Geol Soc Am Sp Paper 364:263–280
Stampfli GM, Borel G, Marchant R, Mosar J (2002b) Western Alps geological constraints on western Tethyan reconstructions. J Virtual Explorer 8:77–106
Steenken A, Siegesmund S, Heinrichs T (2000) The emplacement of the Rieserferner Pluton (eastern Alps, Tyrol): constraints from field observations, magnetic fabrics and microstructures. J Struct Geol 22:1855–1873
Stöckhert B (1987) Das Uttenheimer Pegmatit-Feld (Ostalpines Altkristallin, Südtirol). Genese und alpine Überprägung. Erlanger Geol Abh 114:83–106
Stüwe K, Schuster R (2010) Initiation of subduction in the Alps: continent or ocean. Geology 38:175–178
Thöni M (1999) A review of geochronological data from the Eastern Alps. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 79:209–230
Thöni M (2006) Dating eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Eastern Alps—approaches, results, interpretations: a review. Mineral Petrol 88:123–148
Thöni M, with contributions by Hoinkes G (1983) The thermal climax of Early Alpine metamorphism in the Austroalpine thrust sheet. Mem Sci Geol Padova 36:211–238
Tumiati S, Thöni M, Nimis P, Martin S, Mair V (2003) Mantle–crust interactions during Variscan subduction in the Eastern Alps (Nonsberg–Ulten zone): geochronology and new petrological constraints. Earth Planet Sci Lett 210:509–526
Tumiati S, Godard G, Martin S, Klötzli U, Monticelli D (2007) Fluid-controlled crustal metasomatism within a high-pressure subducted mélange (Mt. Hochwart, Eastern Italian Alps). Lithos 94:148–167
Ustaszewski K, Schmid SM, Lugovic B, Schuster R, Schaktegger U, Bernoulli D, Hottinger L, Kounov A, Fügenschuh B, Schefer S (2009) Late Creataceous intra-oceanic magmatism in the internal Dinarides (northern Bosnia and Herzegovina): Implications for the collision of the Adriatic and European plates. Lithos 108:106–125
Vecoli M, Dieni I, Sassi FP, Servais Th (2008) Cambrian Acritarchs from fhe Col di Foglia (Agordo) Southalpine Metamorphic Basement, Italian Eastern Alps: the oldest litostratigraphic record in the Alps? Rendic Lincei, Nuova Serie Springer 19:45–55
Viola G, Odonne F, Mancktelow NS (2004) Analogue modelling of reverse fault reactivation in strike-slip and transpressive regimes: application to the Giudicarie fault system, Italian Eastern Alps. J Struct Geol 36:401–418
von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM (2008) The birth of the Rheic Ocean—Early Palaeozoic subsidence patterns and subsequent tectonic plate scenarios. Tectonophysics 461:9–20
von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM, Borel G, Bussy F (2002) The Organization of pre-Variscan basement areas at the north-Gondwanan margin. Int J Earth Sci 91(1):35–52
von Raumer JF, Stampfli GM, Bussy F (2003) Gondwana-derived microcontinents—the constituents of the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens. Tectonophysics 365:7–22
von Raumer JF, Bussy F, Stampfli GM (2009) The Variscan evolution in the external massifs of the Alps and place in the Variscan framework. C R Geosci 341:239–252
Voshage H, Hofmann AW, Mazzucchelli M, Rivalenti G, Sinigoi S, Raczek I, Demarchi G (1990) Isotopic evidence from the Ivrea Zone for a hybrid lower crust formed by magmatic underplating. Nature 347:731–736
Werling E (1992) Tonale-, Pejo- und Judikarien-Linie: Kinematik, Mikrostrnkturen and Metamorphose von Tektoniten aus räumlich intefferierenden aber verschiedenaltrigen Verwerfungszonen. PhD thesis, ETH Zurich, 276 pp
Willingshofer E, Neubauer F, Cloetingh S (1999) The significance of Gosau-type basins for the late cretaceous tectonic history of the Alpine–Carpathian belt. Phys Chem Earth (A): Solid Earth Geodesy 24(8):687–695
Zantedeschi C (1991) Geocronologia Rb–Sr sugli gneiss granitoidi del Complesso di Parcines (Alto Adige Occidentale). Mem Sci Geol 43:319–329
Zimmermann R, Hammerschmidt K, Franz G (1994) Eocene high pressure metamorphism in the Pennine units of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps): evidence from 40Ar–39Ar dating and petrological investigations. Contr Mineral Petrol 117:175–186
Zingg A (1980) Regional metamorphism of the Ivrea zone (S. Alps, N. Italy): field and microscopic investigations. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 60:153–179
Zingg A, Handy MR, Hunziker JC, Schmid SM (1990) Tectonometamorphic history of the Ivrea zone and its relationship to the crustal evolution of the Southern Alps. Tectonophysics 182:169–192
Acknowledgments
The University of Padova (Grants 60A05-1530, 60A05-8905 and 60A05-0388/07) is acknowledged for funding the Metamorphic Petrology Research Group of the Department of Geoscience. PRIN is acknowledged for Grants 2007BWMWM8-001. Reviews by two anonymous referees and by G.V. Dal Piaz have helped to improve the manuscript significantly and are strongly appreciated.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The original version of this paper was presented in Venice (November 5–6, 2009) at the Meeting “Nature and geodynamics of the lithosphere in Northern Adriatic” sponsored by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL and Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spiess, R., Cesare, B., Mazzoli, C. et al. The crystalline basement of the Adria microplate in the eastern Alps: a review of the palaeostructural evolution from the Neoproterozoic to the Cenozoic. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 21 (Suppl 1), 31–50 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-010-0100-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-010-0100-6