Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Brand love and party preference of young political consumers (voters)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 13 October 2021

This article has been updated

Abstract

The study has examined the influence of political brand love on young voters’ political party preferences. By examining the impact of political brand love on party preference, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between party brand love and other relational constructs like brand trust, social self, and inner self on party preference. The results as a whole show that both brand trust and brand love have a significant positive impact on brand preference. A higher degree of party brand trust leads to higher party preference both directly and when both direct and indirect effects are considered as a whole. Brand love increases party preference both directly and indirectly through inner self and social self. It implies that young voters' attitudes towards political parties become more positive if brand love reinforces their inner and social self. A higher degree of trust, on the other hand, influences party choice irrespective of natural or socially acceptable choices. Additionally, the study reveals that the gender of the young voters does not influence the choice of a political party preference. This study may motivate political marketers to inculcate love quotient inside political brands by adapting suitable communication and voter connect strategies as the same shapes young voters' trust and voting preference.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

References

  • Ahuvia, A. C. (1993). I love it! Towards a unifying theory of love across diverse love objects, Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston

  • Ahuvia, A. C. (2005). Beyond the extended self: Loved objects and consumers identity narratives. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(1), 171–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuvia, A. C., Batra, R., & Bagozzi, R. (2009). Love, desire, and identity: a conditional integration theory of love of things. In D. J. MacInnis, C. W. Park, & J. R. Priester (Eds.), The handbook of brand relationships. M. E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, N., & Merunka, D. (2013). The role of brand love in consumer-brand relationships. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(3), 258–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, N., Merunka, D., & Valette-Florence, P. (2008). When consumers love their brands: Exploring the concept and its dimensions. Journal of Business Research, 61(10), 1062–1075.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, N., Merunka, D., & Valette-Florence, P. (2009). The feeling of love toward a brand: concept and measurement. Advances in Consumer Research, 36, 300–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baines, P., Worcester, R., Jarrett, D., & Mortimore, R. (2003). Market segmentation and product differentiation in political campaigns: A technical feature perspective. Journal of Marketing Management, 19(1/2), 225–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, R., Brick, J. M., Bates, N. A., Battaglia, M., Couper, M. P., Dever, J. A., Gile, K. J., & Tourangeau, R. (2013). Non-probability sampling. Report of the AAPOR task force on-probability sampling. Retrieved January 20, 2021, from, http://www.aapor.org/AAPOR_Main/media/MainSiteFiles/NPS_TF_Report_Final_7_revised_FNL_6_22_13.pdf.

  • Banerjee, S. (2021). On the relationship between online brand community and brand preference in political market. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 18(1), 27–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, S., & Chaudhuri, R. B. (2016). Factors responsible behind political brand preference: An empirical study on Indian voters. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 34(4), 559–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, S., & Ray Chaudhuri, B. (2018). Influence of voter demographics and newspaper in shaping political party choice in India: An empirical investigation. Journal of Political Marketing, 17(1), 90–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, S., & Goel, P. (2020). Party brand hate in political market: Antecedents and consequences. Asian Journal of Political Science, 28(2), 97–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, D., & Misra, K. (2014). BJP’s Demographic dividend in the 2014 general elections: An empirical analysis (Working Paper No. 2014–06). Department of Economics University of Massachusetts.

  • Batra, R., Ahuvia, A. C., & Bagozzi, R. (2012). Brand love. Journal of Marketing, 76(2), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Battaglia, M. P. (2008). Non probability sampling. Encyclopedia of survey research methods (pp. 1–4). SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, H. H., Huber, F., & Herrmann, A. (1996). Political marketing: Information—economic analysis. European Journal of Marketing., 30(10/11), 152–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belk, R. W., Ger, G., & Askegaard, S. (2003). Fire of desire: A multisited inquiry into consumer passion. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(3), 326–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergan, D. E. (2011). Can online videos increase turnout? A field experiment testing the effect of peer-created online videos on youth turnout. Journal of Political Marketing, 10(1–2), 80–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., & Heath, C. (2008). Who drives divergence? Identity signaling, outgroup dissimilarity, and the abandonment of cultural tastes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 593–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besley, T. (2006). Principled agents? The political economy of good government. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, P., & Collins, N. (1999). A conceptual framework for political marketing. In B. I. Newman (Ed.), Handbook of political marketing. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge

  • Calder, B. J., Philips, L. W., & Tybout, A. M. (1982). The concept of external validity. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 240–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capaldi, D. M., Crosby, L., & Clark, S. (1996). The prediction of aggression in young adult intimate relationships from aggression in the family of origin: A meditational model. In Proceedings of the Society for Research on Adolescence. 6th annual meeting, March 7–10, 1996.

  • Carroll, B. A., & Ahuvia, A. C. (2006). Some antecedents and outcomes of brand love. Marketing Letters, 17(2), 79–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Census. (2011). Primary Census Abstracts, Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from (https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/pes/Pesreport.pdf.

  • Chang, H. H., & Liu, M. Y. (2009). The impact of brand equity on brand preference and purchase intentions in the service industries. The Service Industries Journal, 29(12), 1687–1706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255

  • Chow, W. S. (2004). Multivariate statistical analysis: With application of SAS. STAT E, 1

  • Churchill, G. A., Jr., & Peter, J. P. (1984). Research design effects on the reliability of rating scales: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 21(4), 360–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coltman, T., Devinney, T. M., Midgley, D. F., & Veniak, S. (2008). Formative versus reflective measurement models: Two applications of formative measurement. Journal of Business Research, 61(12), 1250–1262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cwalina, W., Falkowski, A., & Newman, B. I. (2011). Political marketing: theoretical and strategic foundations. M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, S. (2005). Grey power, school gate mums and the youth vote: Age as a key factor in voter segmentation and engagement in the 2005 UK general election. Journal of Marketing Management, 21(9–10), 1179–1192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deka, K. (2019). Catch them young. India Today. Retrieved from December 16, 2020, from https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20190401-catching-them-young-1483605-2019-03-22.

  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downer, L. (2016). Understanding and evaluating political branding. In Political branding strategies: Campaigning and Governing in Australian Politics. Palgrave Studies in Political Marketing and Management. Palgrave Macmillan,. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137580290_2.

  • Eichhorn, B. R. (2014). Common method variance techniques. Paper AA11-2014, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from http://www.lexjansen.com/mwsug/2014/AA/MWSUG-2014-AA11.pdf.

  • Election Commission of India. (2019). E-Roll Data, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://eci.gov.in/files/file/9401-e-roll-data-2019/.

  • Elliot, R., & Yannopoulou, N. (2007). The nature of trust in brands: A psychosocial model. European Journal of Marketing, 41(9 & 10), 988–998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 378–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldwick, P. (2002). What is brand equity, anyway? (1st ed.). Oxfordshire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortunato, D., & Stevenson, R. T. (2013). Perceptions of partisan ideologies: The effect of coalition participation”. American Journal of Political Science, 57(2), 459–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 343–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French, A., & Smith, I. G. (2010). Measuring political brand equity: A consumer oriented approach. European Journal of Marketing, 44(3/4), 460–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: The role of familiarity & trust. Omega, 28(6), 725–737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glasford, D. E. (2008). Predicting voting behavior of young adults: The importance of information, motivation, and behavioral skills. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(11), 2648–2672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, M. A., & Bello, L. (2002). The construct lifestyle in market segmentation: The behavior of tourist consumers. European Journal of Marketing, 36(1/2), 51–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grabner-Kraeuter, S. (2002). The role of consumers’ trust in online-shopping. Journal of Business Ethics, 39(1/2), 43–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. P., Palmquist, B., & Schickler, E. (2004). Partisan hearts and minds: Political parties and the social identities of voters. Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo, T. (2020). Politics of love: Love as a religious and political discourse in modern China through the lens of political leaders. Critical Research on Religion, 8(1), 39–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurviez, P., & Korchia, M. (2002). Proposition d’une e´chelle de mesure multidimensionnelle de la confiance dans la marquee. Recherche Et Applications En Marketing, 17(3), 41–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • He, H., Li, Y., & Harris, L. (2012). Social identity perspective on brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 65(5), 648–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henn, M., Weinstein, M., & Forrest, S. (2005). Uninterested youth? Young people’s attitudes towards party politics in Britain. Political Studies, 53(3), 556–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., & Gremler, D. D. (2002). Understanding relationship marketing outcomes: An integration of relational benefits and relationship quality. Journal of Service Research, 4(3), 230–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop, L. (2014). Understanding India: The future of higher education and opportunities for international cooperation. British Council India. Retrieved from December 18, 2020, from https://www.britishcouncil.in/sites/default/files/understanding_india.pdf.

  • Hetherington, M. J. (1998). The political relevance of political trust. American Political Science Review, 92(4), 791–808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoelter, D. R. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods, and Research, 11, 325–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulland, J. (1999). On the use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, P., & Lees-Marshment, J. (2002). The anglicisation of political marketing: How Blair ‘out-marketed’ Clinton. Journal of Public Affairs, 2(2), 44–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, B., & Kunduri, E. (2017). Youth in India: Prospects and challenges. Centre for Policy Research. Retrieved December 22, 2020, from http://www.cprindia.org/system/tdf/policy-briefs/BRICS%20CityLabII%20Note%20Joshi%20&%20Kunduri.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=6295&force=1.

  • Kahne, J., & Westheimer, J. (2006). The limits of political efficacy: Educating citizens for a democratic society. PS: Political Science & Politics, 39(2), 289–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karjaluoto, H., Munnukka, J., & Kiuru, K. (2016). Brand love and positive word of mouth: The moderating effects of experience and price. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(6), 527–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komiak, S. Y. X., & Benbasat, I. (2006). The effects of personalization & familiarity on trust & adoption of recommendation agents. MIS Quarterly, 30(4), 941–960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landis, R. S., Beal, D. J., & Tesluk, P. E. (2000). A comparison of approaches to forming composite measures in structural equation modelling. Organizational Research Methods., 3(2), 186–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (2011). The self as an organizing construct in the behavioral and social sciences. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (2nd ed., pp. 1–18). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilleker, D. G. (2015). Interactivity and branding: Public political communication as a marketing tool. Journal of Political Marketing, 14(1–2), 111–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, J. (2005). Square peg, round hole? can marketing-based concepts such as the ‘product’and the ‘marketing mix’have a useful role in the political arena? Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 14(1–2), 27–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lock, A., & Harris, P. (1996). Political marketing-vive la difference! European Journal of Marketing, 30(10/11), 14–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long-Tolbert, S. J., & Gammoh, B. S. (2012). In good and bad times: The interpersonal nature of brand love in service relationships. Journal of Services Marketing, 26(6), 391–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, J., Yiu, A., & Soman, A. (2016). The Asian consumer-Indian consumer close up: Tapping the spending power of a young, connected urban mass. Retrieved from January 18, 2021, from http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/pages/macroeconomic-insights-folder/rise-of-the-india-consumer/report.pdf.

  • Lupu, N. (2014). Brand dilution and the breakdown of political parties in Latin America. World Politics, 66(4), 561–602

  • Malär, L., Krohmer, H., Hoyer, W. D., & Nyffenegger, B. (2011). Emotional brand attachment and brand personality: The relative importance of the actual and the ideal self. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 35–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, B. H., & Forsyth, L. H. (2008). Motivating people to be physically active (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merlo, A. (2006). Whither political economy? Theories, facts & issues (Working Paper). Extended version. Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.

  • Monroe, K. R., Hankin, J., & Vechten, R. B. V. (2000). The psychological foundations of identity politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 3(1), 419–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. H. (1994). The commitment trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muraoka, T., Montgomery, J., Lucas, C., & Tavits, M. (2021). Love and anger in global party politics: Facebook Reactions to political party posts in 79 democracies. Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media. https://doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2021.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, B. I. (2012). The role of marketing in politics: Ten years later. Journal of Political Marketing, 11(1–2), 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Cass, A. (2003). An exploratory assessment of the political product: Proclamations of the faithful. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 11(2), 67–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Shaughnessy, N. J., & Henneberg, S. C. (2007). The selling of the President 2004: A marketing perspective. Journal of Public Affairs, 7(3), 249–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim, A. N. (2000). Questionnaire design. Interviewing and attitude measurement. Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, T. J. (2006). Self and identity. In J. Delamater (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 205–232). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36921-X_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Padovano, F. (2013). Are we witnessing a paradigm shift in the analysis of political competition? Public Choice, 156(3), 631–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palusuk, N., Koles, B., & Hasan, R. (2019). All you need is brand love’: A critical review and comprehensive conceptual framework for brand love. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(1/2), 97–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, C. W., MacInnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Iacobucci, D. (2010). Brand attachment and brand attitude strength: Conceptual and empirical differentiation of two critical brand equity drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74(6), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pears, E. (2017). Chords of affection: A theory of national political attachments in the American founding. American Political Thought, 6(1), 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirannejad, A., & Janssen, M. (2019). Internet and political empowerment: Towards a taxonomy for online political empowerment. Information Development, 35(1), 80–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planning commission. New Delhi (2008). Report of the Steering committee on youth affairs and sports for the eleventh five year plan (2007–12) (p. 41). Retrieved from December 15, 2020, from http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/strgrp11/str_yas.pdf.

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintelier, E. (2007). Differences in political participation between young and old people. Contemporary Politics, 13(2), 165–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, P., de Chernatony, L., & Carrigan, M. (2006). Building a political brand: Ideology or voter-driven strategy. Journal of Brand Management, 13(6), 418–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regan, P. C., Kocan, E. R., & Whitlock, T. (1998). Ain’ love grand! A prototype analysis of the concept of romantic love. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(3), 411–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saarinen, A., Koivula, A., & Keipi, T. (2019). Political trust, political party preference and trust in knowledge-based institutions. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(1/2), 154–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scammell, M. (2015). Politics and image: The conceptual value of branding. Journal of Political Marketing, 14(1–2), 7–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, J. T., & Lubell, M. (1998). Trust and taxpaying: Testing the heuristic approach to collective action. American Journal of Political Science, 42(2), 398–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweiger, G., & Adami, M. (1999). The non-verbal image of politicians & political parties. In B. Newman (Ed.), Handbook of political marketing (pp. 347–364). Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, I. G. (2005). Politically significant events & their effect on the image of political parties: A conceptual approach. Journal of Political Marketing, 4(2/3), 103–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G., & French, A. (2009). The political brand: A consumer perspective. Marketing Theory, 9(2), 206–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirgy, M. J., Lee, D. J., Johar, J. S., & Tidwell, J. (2008). Effect of self-congruity with sponsorship on brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 61(10), 1091–1097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93(2), 119–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Streiner, D. L. (2003). Being inconsistent about consistency: When coefficient alpha does and doesn’t matter. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(3), 217–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan, V., Page, K. L., & Canli, Z. (2007). ‘My’ brand or ‘our’ brand: The effects of brand relationship dimensions and self-construal on brand evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(2), 248–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torney-Purta, J., & Amadeo, J. (2003). A cross-national analysis of political and civic involvement among adolescents. PS: Political Science & Politics, 36(2), 269–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, T. (2001). Why do people rely on others? Social identity and the social aspects of trust. In K. Cook (Ed.), Trust in society (pp. 285–306). Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valgarðsson, V. O., Clarke, N., Jennings, W., & Stoker, G. (2020). The good politician and political trust: An authenticity gap in British politics? Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720928257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vankov, N. (2013). The strategic dimensions of political marketing. Economic Alternatives, 3, 74–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zmora, H. (2004). Iotism and human nature in Machiavelli. History of Political Thought, 25(3), 424–445.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Corresponding author would like to acknowledge Dr. Abu sayeed Mondal for data collection help.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saikat Banerjee.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The original version of this article was revised. Figure 3 is incorrect and is now corrected.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Banerjee, S., Chaudhuri, B.R. Brand love and party preference of young political consumers (voters). Int Rev Public Nonprofit Mark 19, 475–503 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-021-00316-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-021-00316-0

Keywords

Navigation