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Additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing of 316L stainless steel powder: Densification, microhardness and residual stress

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Abstract

316L stainless steel specimens were manufactured by additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM). The densification level, mi-crostructure, microhardness and residual stress characterization in the different zones of the part were investigated. The density was determined by the Archimedes method, and the density measurement was divided into three regions, namely, the bottom, middle and top zones. The results show that the middle zone has a much smoother melting surface and that a relative density of nearly 100 % was achieved for the part in this study. The hardness profiles at room temperature, along the width and height directions of the cross-section of the top and bottom zones, were also studied. The residual stress was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the 316L SS specimen fabricated by the ASHM process, and it was compared with a specimen manufactured by the additive laser directed energy deposition (DED) process. The results show that the top and bottom zones exhibit tensile stress, and compressive stress occurs in the middle area. Moreover, the residual stress of ASHM shows a slightly smaller trend than that of the simplex DED due to the stress relaxation of the subsequent subtractive milling. These results may offer guidance for ASHM-fabricated 316L parts.

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Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51775100), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. N180306001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Yuying Yang, Yadong Gong, Shuoshuo Qu, Bo Xin, Yunchao Xu & Yang Qi

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  1. Yuying Yang
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  2. Yadong Gong
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  3. Shuoshuo Qu
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  4. Bo Xin
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  5. Yunchao Xu
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  6. Yang Qi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yadong Gong.

Additional information

Recommended by Associate Editor Zhuhua Tan

Yuing Yang is currently a Ph.D. student at Northeastern University, China. His research interests include laser additive manufacturing and milling.

Yuing Yang is currently a Ph.D. student at Northeastern University, China. His research interests include laser additive manufacturing and milling.

Yadong Gong is currently a Professor and a Ph.D. candidate Supervisor at Northeastern University, China. His main research interests include grinding, digital manufacturing and laser additive manufacturing.

Shuoshuo Qu is currently a Ph.D. student at Northeastern University, China. His main research interests include grinding of ceramic matrix composites.

Bo Xin is currently a Ph.D. lecturer at Northeastern University, China. His research interests include laser additive manufacturing and milling.

Yunchao Xu is currently a Ph.D. student at Northeastern University, China. His main research interests include grinding of Nickel-based single crystal superalloy.

Yang Qi is currently a Ph.D. student at Northeastern University, China. His research interests include reliability design of NC machine tools.

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Yang, Y., Gong, Y., Qu, S. et al. Additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing of 316L stainless steel powder: Densification, microhardness and residual stress. J Mech Sci Technol 33, 5797–5807 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-1126-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-1126-z

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